2. Rene Descartes, 17th century French philosopher and mathematician, believed the world could be explained by mechanical laws because it worked like a machine. Through
a reductionist philosophical lens he conceptualized personhood into two parts mind and body, known as Cartesian Dualism. Descartes believed the two parts were composed of radically different substances. The dual parts were the human physical body, composed of substance that could be explained by mechanical laws, and the non-physical mind, composed of thinking substance not mechanical. The U.S. medical model follows this philosophy of reducing a person into parts in health and mental health care.