Pulpal Diseases
Diseases of Pulp
• Pulp is the formative organ of the tooth
• It builds primary dentin during development of tooth,secondary dentin after tooth eruption and reparative dentin in response to stimulation as long as the odontoblasts remain intact.
• Pulp responds to hot and cold stimuli which are only preceived as pain.
• Heat at temperature between 600F and 1300F when applied directly on an intact tooth surface is usually tolerated, but foodstuff and beverages above this temperature range can cause damage.
• Cavity preparation also produces temperature changes, with an increase of 200C in temperature during dry cavity preparation 1 mm from the pulp and of 300C increase 0.5 mm from the pulp.
• Pulp has been described as a highly resistant organ and an organ with little resistance or recuperating ability.
• Resistance depends on cellular activity, nutritional supply, age, metabolic and physiologic parameters.
• The poor recuperating ability of the pulp may be due to high palsminogenic activity, which rapidly breaks down fibrin following injury.
Causes of Pulp Diseases
1. Physical
A).Mechanical
i. Trauma
a.Accidental
b.Iatrogenic dental procedures(wedging of teeth, cavity,crown preparation) ii. Pathologic wear(attrition, abrasion etc) iii. Cracked tooth syndrome iv. Barometric changes
B).Thermal
i. Heat from cavity prepration, at either high or low speeds. ii. Exothermic heat from setting of cement. iii. Conduction of heat or cold through deep filling without a protective base. iv. Frictional heat caused by polishing a restoration.
C).Electrical {galvanic current from different metallic fillings}
2. Chemical
i. Phosphoric acid, acrylic monomer etc. ii. Erosion
3.Bacteria
i. Toxins associated with caries. ii. Direct invasion of pulp from caries or trauma. iii. Microbial colonization in the pulp by blood borne microorganisms.
Diseases of Pulp
1. Pulpitis (inflammation)
A).Reversible
i. Symptomatic (acute) ii. Asymptomatic (chronic)
• Pulp is the formative organ of the tooth
• It builds primary dentin during development of tooth,secondary dentin after tooth eruption and reparative dentin in response to stimulation as long as the odontoblasts remain intact.
• Pulp responds to hot and cold stimuli which are only preceived as pain.
• Heat at temperature between 600F and 1300F when applied directly on an intact tooth surface is usually tolerated, but foodstuff and beverages above this temperature range can cause damage.
• Cavity preparation also produces temperature changes, with an increase of 200C in temperature during dry cavity preparation 1 mm from the pulp and of 300C increase 0.5 mm from the pulp.
• Pulp has been described as a highly resistant organ and an organ with little resistance or recuperating ability.
• Resistance depends on cellular activity, nutritional supply, age, metabolic and physiologic parameters.
• The poor recuperating ability of the pulp may be due to high palsminogenic activity, which rapidly breaks down fibrin following injury.
Causes of Pulp Diseases
1. Physical
A).Mechanical
i. Trauma
a.Accidental
b.Iatrogenic dental procedures(wedging of teeth, cavity,crown preparation) ii. Pathologic wear(attrition, abrasion etc) iii. Cracked tooth syndrome iv. Barometric changes
B).Thermal
i. Heat from cavity prepration, at either high or low speeds. ii. Exothermic heat from setting of cement. iii. Conduction of heat or cold through deep filling without a protective base. iv. Frictional heat caused by polishing a restoration.
C).Electrical {galvanic current from different metallic fillings}
2. Chemical
i. Phosphoric acid, acrylic monomer etc. ii. Erosion
3.Bacteria
i. Toxins associated with caries. ii. Direct invasion of pulp from caries or trauma. iii. Microbial colonization in the pulp by blood borne microorganisms.
Diseases of Pulp
1. Pulpitis (inflammation)
A).Reversible
i. Symptomatic (acute) ii. Asymptomatic (chronic)