Punishment In Collectivist Cultures

I do think physical punishment is more common in collectivist cultures. Certain values of a culture and social norms influence whether physical punishment is considered an acceptable practice. In some cultures, such as Turkey and Ethiopia, corporal punishment is a normal part of child rearing. Collectivist cultures are centered around obedience and putting family first, which is why individualistic attitudes are not acceptable. So when a child behavior is unacceptable, the Collectivist culture of the household may not tolerate it.

Yes, I do think there are elements of the theories that could be improved upon to increase falsifiability, such as Freudian theory. Freudian theory could be enhanced if it was less biased.