I have checked Mr McLachlan’s other medication and there may also be an interaction between enzalutamide and bisoprolol. The manufacturer specifically mentions that bisoprolol may be affected by enzalutamide3. This may be due to the fact that bisoprolol is partially metabolised by CYP3A46. However, it is also metabolised by CYP2D66 so the potential for reduced exposure is not as significant as with…
It is somewhat ironic to discover that the pharmacophore of phosphoramide drugs currently used as antitumor agents was originally utilized for the purpose of chemical warfare, most prominently so in World War I. Sulfur mustard, the precursor to phosphoramide drugs, was employed to great effect as a wounding agent in the characteristic trench warfare of WWI; Being a dense gas, sulfur mustard settled in trenches and created persistent environmental hazards for troops. Exposure to sulfur mustard, while usually non-fatal, induced symptoms of blistering, respiratory illness, inflammation of the eyes, vomiting, and internal bleeding, consequently incapacitating exposed soldiers for weeks at a time.…
MSG or monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of glutamic acid which can be naturally found in many common foods that are rich in protein content such as dairy products, meat, vegetable and mother’s milk. In fact, our own bodies do produce glutamic acid via Krebs cycle during metabolizing food. Glutamate is the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acid (Ninomiya, 1998) and it is a very common part of our diet. In the food industry, MSG is widely used as a flavor enhancer. It is responsible for cranking up the sensational umami flavors on our tongue to make bland food taste delicious. Umami can be described as a savory flavor and was named after the Japanese word “Umai” which means delicious (Ikeda, 2002). MSG was first discovered in 1908 by biochemist Kikunae Ikeda, the Japanese man who identified the natural flavor enhancing substance in seaweed. Today, MSG is added to recipe of many fast food and junk food to make them taste more wonderful. MSG is also used as a food additive in most soup, canned food, frozen dinner and crackers.…
Dexmedetomidine, or 4-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole, with molecular formula C13H16N2 [14], is the dextro-enantiomer of medetomidine, which is used as a M. A. S. Weerink et al. sedative and analgesic in veterinary medicine. Dexmedetomidine is commercially available as a water-soluble HCl salt. Vials of Dexdor_ and Precedex_ contain a concentrate of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, equivalent to 100 lg/mL dexmedetomidine. Prior to infusion, this is diluted to 4 or 8 lg/mL. Precedex is also available in pre-diluted solutions containing the required concentrations of 4 lg/mL in sodium chloride 0.9% [2, 3]. The Dexdor summary of product characteristics advises an initial infusion rate of 0.7…
It’s important to give a little background on the writer’s history. This is the end of my fourth year as an English teacher at Napavine Jr. Sr. High School. During my time here I have also served as the ASB advisor and as a class advisor. I transferred to Napavine because it is a small school and closer to my home. From 2004-2012, I was at a 2A high school with a population of 1,088 (grades 9-12), 56.2% low income, and a 32.9% minority population. Napavine is a 2B school with a population of 325 (grades 7-12), 39% low income and a 16.8% minority population . The principal, with whom I will be working, began as a Dean of Students during my first year in the building. He did not have his administrative credentials and worked with a mentor on…
Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that acts on the cardiac muscle and its peripheral vessels. Acting on the myocardial cells, which are responsible for the conduction of the electric stimuli of the heart, Amlodipine causes a decrease of the myocardial contractility [1]. Amlodipine causes dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries which is an important treatment of hypertension, as well as increasing blood flow to the cardiac muscle which aids angina [2].…
The first drug that I am researching is Abilify or the generic name aripiprazole. Aripiprazole was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration on November 15, 2002 as a atypical antipsychotic. RxLists (2015) states the “empirical formula to be C23H27Cl2N3O2”.…
Purpose: Critical care of the cardiac surgical patient is a challenging and dynamic topic that requires a multidisciplinary team to ensure patient safety. Moreover, clonidine and quetiapine are commonly used agents in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. However, the safety of these agents in cardiac surgery patients is yet to be established. Hence, our goal is to assess the safety of oral clonidine and oral quetiapine in adult post-cardiac surgery critically ill patients.…
Pyridomyceticus. In recent years, scientists reported that, pyridomycin is a natural antibiotic causing inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis by targeting mycobacterial enoyl reductase InhA. Interesting aspects of this bacterial product is that, it exhibit excellent in vitro activity having no cross resistance with existing drugs (Hartkoorn et al., 2012).…
We, a novel completed in 1920 by Russian author Yevgeny Zamyatin is considered a dys-Utopia. While a perfect world is described as a Utopia, a dystopia is just the opposite. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition, defines a dystopia as “an imaginary place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives” (361). The protagonist of the book is designated as D-503, a mathematician, and the First Builder of a spaceship known as the Integral. The One State is controlled by the Benefactor, an almost God-like figure, along with an organization known as the Guardians. It is the responsibility of the Guardians to be on the lookout for those who might display irrational and dangerous behavior against the One State. Through a series of events, which I will detail throughout this paper, and a relationship with a cipher designated as I-330, he is swept into a failed coup attempt to overthrow the Benefactor and the One State.…
What is Atrazine? It is a synthetic compound used as an agricultural herbicide created by the company Syngenta. This specific agricultural herbicide is causing uproar across the entire world. There are people saying it has negative environmental impacts, others say it does no harm to our planet and we have nothing to worry about. I believe it does have a negative impact on our environment and I have all the evidence to backup my claim. We should ban Atrazine because it contaminates water supplies, has been linked with possible carcinogenic effects, and endocrine disruption in amphibians and humans, and finally, it has harmful reproductive effects. This is why Atrazine needs to be banned sooner than later, for our planet’s…
the evolution of Benzodiazepines in field of chemistry and healthcare and how when it was first introduced was thought to be a milestone in healthcare as it posed as a solution to several common illnesses found in patients such as Insomnia, Anxiety, Epilepsy. So all these issues on different spectrums being tackled by one type of drug? Pretty cool. But what further peaked my interest, were the issues that arose with it; particularly amongst patients, and how they suffer withdrawal symptoms from the drug…
Benzodiazepines are by far the most widely used sedative-hypnotic in the united states.(uppers downers all arounders) this class of drugs was developed in the 1950s as an alternative to barbiturates. Because they have a fairly large margin of safety, many healthcare professionals initially overlooked their peculiarities: the length of time they last in the body tissues, their ability to induce tissue dependence at low levels of use, and the severity of withdrawal from the drug. For these reasons almost all recommendations for use today emphasize that they should be used short term and for specific conditions, not as long term medications.…
The popular opinion among college students is amphetamine use promotes focus and alertness among those who abuse its clinical forms. Among these drugs, Adderall and Vyvanse hold on to this claim to fame thanks to their availability among their peers. Students hail these drugs as grade savers because they are conducive to a focused state of mind which supposedly allow students to study longer and absorb more information. However, any good student would agree that it is only possible to take so much information at once before having to take a break. It is also widely known that the ‘cramming’ style of studying do not form useful long term memories and often lead to mistaken information. This train of thought leads to the expectation that amphetamine…
There are several antimicrobial agents to treat infections. Beta-lactams are the types ending in “illin” and those beginning with “ceph” or “cef” such as penicillin and the cephalosporin. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of bacterial cell growth by interference with cell wall synthesis, which bind to and inactivate the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). Another antimicrobial category is aminoglycosides, which usually ends with “mycin” or “cin” such as gentamicin and neomycin. Aminoglycoside are primarily used to combat gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. Tetracyclines such as doxycycline are used against gram-positive, gram-negative and atypical organisms and are labeled “broad spectrum” (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). These types of antimicrobials are used for urinary tract infections and acne problems. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat illnesses such as respiratory and urinary tract infection. These medicines include ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Fluoroquinolones may cause sudden serious, and potentially permanent nerve damage called peripheral neuropathy (Miller, 2013). Macrolides are bacteriostatic antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-positive bacteria (Miller, 2013). Examples are erythromycin and azithromycin, which are used to fight against streptococci and staphylococci.…