There have been many people such as, historians, politicians, academicians, and writes who believe they have a theoretical justification for White supremacy. Arnold Toynbe, a historian, stated that, “When we classify mankind by color, the only one of the primary races… which has not made a creative contribution to civilization is the Black race.” Thomas Jefferson, a former President, stated, “I advanced it, that the Blacks are inferior to the Whites in the endowments of body and mind…” (p. 3) White supremacy is continued through society for decades. It is clearly displayed in Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein’s Bell Curve. In the Bell Curve, IQ-intelligence quotient; was said to be between 40-80% heritable. Meaning, much of the observed variation in IQ is genetic. Kunjufu questioned how Murray and Herrnstein scientifically determined the percentage difference, 40-80%. Also, he questioned how did they do what no other scholar has been able to do and that is separate the impact of genetics from environment to develop their conclusion.…
Martin Luther King Jr. is a name that everyone in America now a days should recognize who he was and some of the things he did. The mid 1900’s were not the brightness for both blacks or whites in the country as segregation was still around but, 1950’s to 1960’s those who were segregated were starting to open their eyes and release their thoughts. Martin Luther King Jr. was considered the leader of these efforts and this did not go down unpunished. He was arrested numerous times however he was showing no fear during these arrests. He would write letters meant for whoever would read it such as the one from Birmingham Alabama Jail and it had purpose to it. The purpose which was the…
After reading the book, The Other Side, racism is an adult concept, not a kid’s concept. At the beginning of the story, the tone is very strict. Towards the end of the story, the tone is more uplifting and friendly. The author used the fence in story as a symbol. The audience in the story is the children reading the book.…
In chapter four of his book “Barbarian Virtues,” Matthew Frye Jacobson connects the theories and beliefs used to interpret relationships to the development of humans over time. He states that scholarly methods in academics have been used to systematically rank different groups of people. Jacobson discusses many academic disciplines used in these theories such as, anthropology, genetics, biology, psychology, and linguistics. Throughout this chapter, Jacobson divides his research into three categories: cultures, genes, and minds. Together these theories of human development highlight the superiority and inferiority conflict between races in nineteenth century America.…
Intelligence is an intrapersonal phenomenon, that is inside a person and it is generally agreed that the nature of this energy is unknown. Nevertheless, it may be known by its mental products (Groth-Marnet, 1997; Wechsler, 1939). Because there are many different ways to be intelligent there have also been many different definitions proposed (see Neiser, et al., 1996 for summary). A consensus on what constitutes intelligence is generally lacking. Alfred Binet (1908), the author of one of the first modern intelligence tests, defined intelligence as the inclination to take and maintain a specific direction, and capacity to adapt to achieve a goal outcome, and the power of autocriticism (Kaplan, & Saccuzzo, 2005). In contrast, David Wechsler, the developer of the Wechsler scales, defined intelligence as the aggregate capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment (Wechsler, 1958 as cited in Kaplin, & Saccuzzo). A review by Sternberg, (2005) of intelligence literature over the past century by psychologists and intelligence experts reveals two…
This first source is a scholarly source titled Probing the Epidemic of Police Murders by Steve Martinot. The article focuses on police brutality and racism by exploring different incidents that occurred in recent history, incidents similar to the Trayvon Martin incident or the most recent Michael Brown incident. In each one, it talks about what actually occurred in the incident, how police tried to cover up their actions, and then focuses on how the media or government focused on the impact of the incident on the white individuals that were involved instead of the black individuals or other racial groups that were involved. It also talks about the history of police brutality and the need for police obedience when it comes to violence.…
In Warwick’s “Into the Unknown,” he first examines the flaws of intelligence in regard to how IQ tests are being conducted and addresses the possible misunderstandings that could come up when one studies intelligence. He clarifies, “Any attempts to define intelligence that do not involve identifying specially valued cultural attainments must fail (Warwick 199).” Then, Flynn pinpoints the common obstacles while studying intelligence. He notes that once humans incorporate their own standards and values in the study of intelligence, it becomes impossible for IQ tests to remain objective and unbiased. To support his argument, Warwick creates an analogy between the speed of cheetah, car, spider, and human to illustrate how intelligence could be extremely selective and subjective (201). He makes a valid observation in which these categories are only comparable if they are referring to specific assignments; otherwise, it is entirely pointless. Moreover, Warwick identifies the problems on how researchers tend to take shortcuts and eliminate other factors that could alter the results of IQ tests. In “The Sociological Imagination,” Flynn continues to build on this foundation by listing the flaws of Jensen’s proposal on Reaction Times during the study of intelligence. First, he echoes Warwick’s claim by…
Racism in America has become more present for several reasons. Some people blame Barack Obama. When he had gotten elected, it was a signal to a new era it seemed. People thought that it would be so much better but in reality, it was a major set back. There has been a complete change in our societies in my opinion. When Barack Obama had become elected, threats against him has increased by 400%…
This piece of work is mainly about the social analysts position to the issue of racism and mass incarceration and also how the various principles of distributive justice can be applied to different positions in our issue of focus. It is quite evident that the main work of the social policy analysts is to identify current problems, evaluating them and coming up with solutions regarding to it. Once they discover the problem they try to check for the causes that may leading to that problem and also other problems that may be related to it. However, different social policy analysis’s have differing views regarding a certain problem and also…
People are born free, equal in their dignity and rights. and no one today can argue that this is a wrong statement. And most of the states today seek and stepping forward to reach the absolute justice and equality, the opposite of discrimination and racism, which are the first indicators of communities falling apart, fall of justice, the fall of principles and and the collapse of values.…
In the past decade, racism has changed along with how society has changed. For example, in today’s society, it is rare to see a store, restaurant or anyone who just will not serve anyone because they are black; however, it can still happen. In society today, world racism is taken and given in a different way. When the Internet came into play during the 21st century and social media following not far after, the characteristics of racism changed. Author Emily Fekete writes in her article Race and (Online) Sites Consumption, “Geographers have noted the increasing role of the Internet and social media in everyday life (Zook and Graham 2007; Elwood 2011; Kitchin and Dodge 2011; Stephens 2013)”. Not only has social media increased, but in doing this,…
Because of their foundations, colorism and racism intertwine and, what is more, colorism an expression of internalized racism (Hunter, 2007). As a matter of fact, both of the terms mentioned are related to the preferential treatment of individuals based only on skin color. (Hunter, 2007). In academic terms, racism is a sociological dimension that supports unequal treatment of people of different skin color (Pollock, 2008). As a result, the black are considered to be inferior and are thought to be less intelligent than the white. Racial discrimination is another dimension inextricably connected with both racism and colorism. It constitutes many activities which aim is to diminish the black (Pollock, 2008). Besides, black people have to face…
Rachel, I wholeheartedly appreciate the sentiment and ideas expressed in your post. They were well thought out and prompted me to question the whitewashed history we are taught in America. Not only does your creation of this post shed light on the unjust and poor treatment of the (forced) black women who fought for this country, but has pushed me to question just how many minorities went through the war (and the rest of history).…
I think it affects everyone, even if it occurs at a subconscious level. I will be the first to admit that I am prejudice: I judge people daily by how they dress, talk, and look. Prejudice has a heavy psychological impact on the ones to whom it is directed at; it shows the ignorance of the person displaying the prejudice; and yes, I believe prejudice can be lessened, but I it will never be eliminated.…
Crimes of hatred or racism, today our system is working to prevent these crimes and bring forth justice to those who committed them. “Instead of placing the blame on the teenager, we need to place the blame on the responsible adult. There were two people involved. We had an adult who was chasing a kid, and we had a kid who I feel was afraid.” Sybrina Fulton, Mother of Trayvon Martin. Her son 17 years of age was being targeted because of his physical appearance and his life has been taken away. Citizens should not be targeted by sex, race or religion because in result the victim is brutally hurt subjected to death, it causes many problems such as law enforcement…