The purpose of the experiment was to observe how density and competition among individuals of the same species and of different species affects the growth of leaves and survival of collards and radishes. The experiment was carried out in the Greenhouse at the University of South Carolina, and utilized set up with six groups with four pots per group. The pots consisted of low density radishes, low density collards, high density radishes, high density collards, low density radishes and collards together (mixed-species pots), and high density radishes and collards together. After six weeks of growing, biometrics were taken, and specifically…
In this lab, a test was conducted to determine how the relative redox activity of chloroplasts from spinach leaves, which were performing photosynthesis, would change when in the presence or absence of light. To observe these changes in redox activity, the chloroplasts were exposed to DCPIP, a chemical that changes color according to such activity. By determining the redox activity of the chloroplasts, it could then be inferred which chloroplasts were photosynthesizing more actively than others. Redox activity, otherwise known as oxidation-reduction reactions, is the loss or gain of electrons. These two reactions, where electrons are lost through oxidation and gained as a result of reduction, are always coupled together.…
We experienced a number of errors in our experiment. Sources of error were human interaction, inaccurate measurements, and incorrectly handling the seeds and materials. In the future, these problems can be avoided by interfering with the plastic bags that contained the seeds, adding the most accurate amount of solute as possible, or making sure that we don’t crush the seeds or the towel that was inserted in the bag. Ideas for future experimentation would be to plant the seeds outside so that the sun would be used as the…
Plants are one of the most complex organisms; how they grow is very complex and it is important to see how they grow to even how they die. We first had to propose a question and test it to see if it was profound enough to test. Our group decided to see how different chemical substances affect radish plants, and which substance will kill the plant fastest. We planted 8 germinated radish seeds, then put ammonia in 2 of the plants, vinegar in 2 other plants, put both vinegar and ammonia in 2 other plants, and had the last 2 plants as our controls. We observed the plants in a period of 6 weeks, each week we added 1mL of each chemical to each of the plants and 30mL of water each week. We then recorded the data to help finalize a conclusion to our experiment. At the end of the experiment, it was concluded that the chemical ammonia kills radish plants faster than vinegar or both vinegar and ammonia together.…
Purpose: In this experiment, the purpose was to have found out how different chemical solutions help or harm radish plant growth when the seeds of the radish plant are soaked in said solutions prior to planting.…
Step 4: With the plastic syringe draw out the gases of the spongy mesophyll tissue and infiltrate the leaves with sodium bicarbonate solution and then pour the solution into the appropriate cup. By doing this it will cause the leaves to sink.…
The results from the Acid Rain (50% vinegar solution) did not allow any radish seeds to germinate. There were never signs of seed germination while observing the seeds over a three week period. In the petri dish labeled Acid Rain, 0 out of 10 seeds sprouted into plant growth as seen in Figure 5.2. The results from the effects of acid rain are compared on Figures 5.1 and 5.2.…
Constants: Pots, temperature, soil, seeds, amount of light, water Independent Variable: Type of seed planting Control: Treatment 1 and 4 Constants: Pots, temperature, soil, seeds, amount of light, water Dependent Variable: Mass of radish and collards,…
This experiment was conducted by taking 6 pots containing soil and placing certain amount of seeds, radish or/and wheat seeds, in each pot. A total of 384 seeds were needed for this experiment; 192 for radish and 192 for wheat seeds. The first three sets of pots had a total of 32 seeds in each pot consisting of radish or/and wheat seeds, which represented the low density and the other three sets of pots had a total of 96 seeds in…
The seeds of summer squash (Cacurbita moschata), beet (Beta vulgaris), and pepper (Capsicum annuum) are all dicot plants, which mean that they have two seed leaves inside the seed coat. When they are placed in an environment and are watered with solutions of different acidic and alkaline levels, the root growth during germination is affected. The purpose of this experiment was to observe what type of substance, acidic or basic, increases the growth of roots during the germination process of Cacurbita moschata, Beta vulgaris, and Capsicum annuum. Previous research has shown that water with a rather neutral pH level of 7 is best for plant germination and growth and that pH levels more acidic or basic did not show much plant germination. The hypothesis was that if the acidity or alkalinity is varied in water to change the pH level, then the then the Cacurbita moschata, Beta vulgaris, and Capsicum annuum root length and plant growth will be less than the root length and plant growth of the seeds watered with the neutral pH of 7 because the intake of either OH- ions, if basic, or H+ ions, if acidic, will be increased, which diminishes the nutrients needed for a seedling to germinate. The hypothesis was tested by placing Cacurbita moschata, Beta vulgaris, and Capsicum annuum seedlings into petri dishes that were watered with lemon juice (pH 2), vinegar (pH 3), milk (pH 6), water (our control with a pH of 7), baking soda (pH 8), and milk of magnesia (pH 9.5). While the seedlings germinated in the petri dishes, root length was measured along with the day the seedling germinated. After the root lengths were gathered, they were analyzed and compared to each other to show what pH level expressed the best results. The significance of this study was to better understand how plant and vegetable seedlings tolerate various levels of water pH. Root length analysis showed that water with a rather neutral pH of…
Numerous environmental variables influence plant growth. Three students each planted a seedling of the same genetic variety in the same type of container with equal amounts of soil from the same source. Their goal was to maximize their seedling's growth by manipulating environmental conditions. Their data are shown below.…
*You must quantify the materials. For example, if you use two beans, you must have two beans in your list.…
Seed germination and growth are influenced by many factors. Some of these are the environment, light quality and moisture availability. Other factors which may influence seed germination are a result of the environment surrounding the seed, like alleleopathy. In this experiment we are going to study the alleleopathy of garlic. Using the scientific method of inquiry, my group and I are experimenting if the volatility of the crushed garlic will affect germination and growth of the radish seeds.…
This experiment is designed to test the allelopathy of two different treatments, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea) and Lemon (Citrus limon). The two treatments will be tested on radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) to investigate the effect of the treatments on the germination of the radish seeds. Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects that one plant has on another plant by the release of chemicals. Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment (Francisco A Macías, José MG Molinillo, Rosa M Varela, Juan CG Galindo 2007). The plants use allelotoxins, which are an allelochemical produced by one plant that is toxic to another plant, to help them compete for space. Often these chemicals inhibit seed germination and root growth of young neighboring plants with less effect on mature plants (Shimabukuro and Haberman 2006).…
Seeds require moisture to germinate. By presoaking a seed, it strips of the protective layer of the seed and speeds up the rate of germination. But the longer someone presoaks a seed, the greater the chance it has to rot. When presoaking seeds, one should avoid planting them in dry ground due to the risk of the moisture being taken out of the seeds instead of sticking with it to germinate, leaving the seed back to its original state. purpose - There are many factors that affect germination, however this lab will determine how moisture, specifically presoaking seeds will affect germination.…