Proactive services. These services provide assistance and information to help prepare, protect, and secure constituent systems in anticipation of attacks, problems, or events. Performance of these services will directly reduce the number of incidents in the future.
Security quality management services. These services augment existing and well-established services that are independent of incident handling and are traditionally performed by other
areas of an organization such as the IT, audit, or training departments. If the CSIRT performs or assists with these services, the CSIRT's point of view and expertise can provide insight to help improve the overall security of the organization and identify risks, threats, and system weaknesses. These services are generally proactive but contribute indirectly to reducing the number of incidents.