Reading guide chapter 19
AP Biology Name Allison Werts Period 2
Chapter 19 guided Reading Assignment
1. What kind of nucleic acids are the viral genomes made of?
A singular linear or circular molecule.
2. What is the name for a protein shell enclosing the viral genome?
The name of the protein shell that encloses the viral genome is a capsid.
3. What are viral envelopes and what is their function?
They are membranes that cloak the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
4. Define host range.
It is the limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect and parasite.
5. List the full steps of the simplified viral reproductive cycle.
1.) Virus enters cell and is uncoated, releasing viral DNA and capsid proteins
2.) Host enzymes replicate the viral genome
3.) Meanwhile, host enzymes transcribe the viral mRNA, which other host enzymes use to make more viral proteins
4.) Viral genomes and capsid proteins self-assemble into new virus particles, which exit the cell
6. What is the phage reproductive cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell?
The lytic cycle
7. What kind of phage only reproduces by a lytic cycle?
A virulent phage
8. How do bacteria defend themselves against phages?
Through restriction enzymes
9. What are the steps of the lytic cycle of a T4 phage?
1.) Attachment
2.) Entry of phage DNA and degradation of host DNA
3.) Synthesis of viral genomes and proteins
4.) Assembly
5.) Release
10. Describe the Lysogenic cycle.
A phage replication cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and does not kill the host.
11. What are phages called that are capable of using both modes of reproduction?
Temperate phages
12. What is a prophage?
It is a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome
13. What is an example of the interaction between a prophage and a bacterium?
A bacteriophage
14. What are retroviruses and how do they use reverse transcriptase?
They
Chapter 19 guided Reading Assignment
1. What kind of nucleic acids are the viral genomes made of?
A singular linear or circular molecule.
2. What is the name for a protein shell enclosing the viral genome?
The name of the protein shell that encloses the viral genome is a capsid.
3. What are viral envelopes and what is their function?
They are membranes that cloak the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
4. Define host range.
It is the limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect and parasite.
5. List the full steps of the simplified viral reproductive cycle.
1.) Virus enters cell and is uncoated, releasing viral DNA and capsid proteins
2.) Host enzymes replicate the viral genome
3.) Meanwhile, host enzymes transcribe the viral mRNA, which other host enzymes use to make more viral proteins
4.) Viral genomes and capsid proteins self-assemble into new virus particles, which exit the cell
6. What is the phage reproductive cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell?
The lytic cycle
7. What kind of phage only reproduces by a lytic cycle?
A virulent phage
8. How do bacteria defend themselves against phages?
Through restriction enzymes
9. What are the steps of the lytic cycle of a T4 phage?
1.) Attachment
2.) Entry of phage DNA and degradation of host DNA
3.) Synthesis of viral genomes and proteins
4.) Assembly
5.) Release
10. Describe the Lysogenic cycle.
A phage replication cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and does not kill the host.
11. What are phages called that are capable of using both modes of reproduction?
Temperate phages
12. What is a prophage?
It is a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome
13. What is an example of the interaction between a prophage and a bacterium?
A bacteriophage
14. What are retroviruses and how do they use reverse transcriptase?
They