25: Evaluate the main roles and functions performed by political parties within the UK political system.…
Two broad coalitions with more ideogical differences within them than between them. ‘To what extent is this still an accurate description of the democratic and republican parties?’ (30 marks)…
The original point of the Constitutional crisis, which led to the dismissal of Gough Whitlam and his government, was the senate’s decision to break political conventions and hold up supply. In 1975, the treasurer Bill Hayden brought down the government’s budget for 1975-76. Attached were the common appropriation bills, which were required to be passed by both houses of parliament to give the government its supply. At this point, the Labour party, led by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, had the majority of seats in the house. However, 2 Labour senators left their seats. Convention stated that the premier would appoint a new senator of the same political party- yet; despite this, 2 non-labour senators were appointed to fill the vacancy, giving the Liberal-Country party the power to block the appropriation bills if desired, and therefore hold up supply. Malcolm Fraser, leader of the opposition, confronted Whitlam and asked him to resign. At this point it was clear to both parties that Liberal would win such an election, and so Whitlam refused. Fraser then decided as predicted, to use his numbers in the senate to hold up supply, which in turn would force the government to run out of money and therefore call an election, highlighted by Fraser’s statement in the House of Representatives in 1975 – “We will use the power vested in us and delay the passage of money through the…
There are different ways that MPs hold the government to account; there are debates, select committees and questions, however there are many reasons in which these methods can be seen as ineffective. Accountability is forcing the government and it’s ministers to justify their policies, for opposition parties’ accountability may imply alternatives to the proposals of the government.…
The primary function of the House of Commons is being a law-making body and the majority government in the House of Commons can be argued as having improved the speed with which bills can be passed by the chamber, especially in relation to states of emergency such as the Anti-Terrorism Laws in 2007. However, it comes with the tendency to pass legislature that hasn’t been fairly scrutinised and to not consider bills that have been proposed by MPs outside of government, overlooking needed legislation simply because it hasn’t originated from the executive, with only 72 Private Member’s Bills being passed under the Labour government from 1997 to 2010. The executive’s domination of seats also means government-sponsored bills can be quickly and assuredly passed in the first chamber, lessening their quality as there is less debate.…
The article by Andrew Coyne, New Senate Activism Undermines the Very Principle of Democracygoes on to justify the ruling by the Supreme Court against the proposed senate reforms of Harper’s government, the reform proposal went against the constitution and would require the amendment of the Canadian constitution(Coyne, 2016). On the other hand, John Ibbitson in his article, Could be the Upper House’s Defining Moment, paints the senate as a very important body and one in which appointments ought to be done out of merit and whose function is meant to provide sound advice at the same time checking the actions of the government.…
Senators of both parties frequently use whatever leverage they have to extract policy concessions from the executive branch. The number coming from this Grand Old Party is notable, especially as Senator Representatives have raised the possibility…
Political parties are key institutions at the heart of the political system. However, the claim that political parties are in decline puts forward the case that the significance of the party role is diminishing. It suggests that other institutions and processes are increasingly carrying out the functions of political parties, and that these alternatives are now dominating these roles and carrying them out more efficiently.…
The Canadian Senate has often been referred to as the sober second thought. The house of commons was originally set up to have two chambers, the upper and the lower, to carefully decide Canadian laws. The Senate, in the upper house, reviews proposed legislation and ultimately decides whether a bill becomes a law. They are responsible for protecting the interests of Canadians, in all regions, and of all minorities.1 Recently however, there has been a big concern for more accountability. Many…
Bibliography: 1. Desserud, Donald (2006). The Confidence Convention under the Canadian Parliamentary System. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Study of Parliament Group.…
The political party compromise in Congress is considered part of the democratic process but often takes suggested legislation and laws, which are needed and helpful for the public, and makes the original legislation or law impotent or useless. The merits of the original legislation or law is watered down by the creation, presentation, and ratification process due to amendments or additions based on party lines. A non-compromising ratification process can only be accomplished if the creation, presentation and voting processes are changed making Congressional party line votes and alliances impossible. There should be no compromise in Congress and the only consideration when voting on these far reaching legislative actions is what is best for…
First Question: “Even if important laws win enactment just as often under conditions of divided party control, might they not be worse than laws? Isn’t “seriously defective legislation” a likelier result?”…
The House of Commons is made up of 338 members of Parliament that represent different constituencies which vote in Canada’s federal elections (Courtney, 2015). More importantly, the electoral system in which members of parliament are elected is called first past the post system and the candidate with the most votes wins the elections with plurality voting (Cross, 2010, p. 130). On the other hand, the second chamber of Canada’s Parliament is the Senate. The Senate is regarded as the chamber of “sober second thought” as the Senate reviews legislation from a less partisan perspective while representing Canada’s regions (Letwin, 2016). However, based on constitutional convention, the elected House of Commons is the dominant chamber in Parliament with the Senate rarely opposing the elected legislators’ will (Letwin, 2016). In terms of governance, the concept of responsible government makes the executive branch of government accountable to Parliament (Sharman, 2008, p. 8). Thus, the role of both chambers of Parliament becomes evident as they make up the legislative branch of government which under the concept of parliamentary supremacy is supreme over the other branches of government such as the executive and judicial branches of government (Sharman, 2008, p. 4). It is, therefore, necessary to examine the issues within both chambers…
The House of Commons holds both legislative functions and is also designed to hold the executive accountable. It can be argued that due the introduction, and reforms, of select committees and the regular questioning of ministers the House of Commons is effective. However, it could also be argued that party loyalty and whips have become more important than effective scrutiny.…
If individual voice out their opinion individually there will be no order in the House of Commons and difficult to accomplish their party engender and will not have clear “distinction between the government and the opposition in Parliament” . The role of party discipline allows the legislature to “operate effectively, ensures stability of government and eliminates suspense from parliamentary votes” according to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. In “Canadian Parliamentary Review – Article,” John Reid, an ardent supporter of party discipline, argue that “under our system of responsible government, the public at an election has great power to make decisions which give them ability to vote effectively results from party…