Referencing: The Harvard System

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Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching

Referencing: The Harvard System
Use this sheet to help you:
• Follow the Harvard referencing convention • Cite online sources using the Harvard style

5 minute self test
• • • What is the difference between in-text and biobliographical citations? How does the Harvard System differ from the APA? How should you cite internet sources?

This publication can be cited as: Davies, W.M. (2007), The Harvard System, Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, Faculty of Business and Economics, the University of Melbourne. http://fbe.unimelb.edu.au/celt Further credits: Beaumont, T. (content changes and editing), Pesina, J. (design and layout). Some, or all of the material in this helpsheet, appear in: Martin Davies (2011), Study Skills for International Postgraduate Students. Basingstoke, UK.: Palgrave, MacMillan. ISBN: 140 399 580 X.

fbe.unimelb.edu.au/celt

The Harvard System
The Harvard system of referencing is very similar to the APA system of referencing (see CELT Booklet: Basic Referencing Using the APA System) but there are subtle differences in how the reference list is written:

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• It uses “and” not “&” between multiple authors • The publishers’ name appears before the place of publication, separated by a comma (in • The year of publication need not be enclosed in parentheses (…) though it is on some • All major items are followed by commas and not full stops (as in the APA) • “pp” for inclusive page numbers are given for journal articles in Harvard, but not APA. versions of Harvard APA it is place of publication then publisher separated by a colon “:” )

Sample Harvard Reference List
Abrami, P. C., d’Appollonia, S. and Rosenfield, S. 1997, ‘The Dimensionality of Student Rating of Instruction; What we Know and What we Do Not’, in Higher Education: Handbook on Theory and Research, vol. II, (ed Smart, J. C.) Agathon Press, New York. Abrami,