Reflection
The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the contribution of reflective practice for clinical nursing. Reflection has been defined as a way for individuals to “capture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate” (Boud et al 1985: 19)
Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection provides opportunities for self development as professionals and individuals (Hinchliff et al., 1993).
Bishop and Scott (2001) believe Clinical nursing is fundamental to nursing practice, that it provides expertise that are used to bring high quality care to patient’s that is not likely to be provided by a lay person. During this assignment I will discuss Christopher Johns model of structured reflection and Donald Schon’s model of reflection on and in action and his coaching theory and other methods that contribute to the reflecting process. I will identify how the models then relate to clinical practice and how nursing has changed.
Carper (1978) Identified that as individuals have different ways of thinking and knowledge differentiates it is some times helpful to refer to a framework to assist reflection.
Johns et al (2002) built on Carper’s theory and constructed a model for structured reflection. His model has a series of cue’s that are set out in a logical order which prompt progression of thought and reflecting to be explored. (Johns 2000)
This model is used for analysis of critical incidents as well as more general experiences.
Over a period of time Johns has continually tested the adequacy of his model and has developed it.
Similar to Johns model is The reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988). This model guides the practitioner through the cycle which encourages the practitioner to describe a situation, analyse their feelings, evaluate experiences, and consider other
Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection provides opportunities for self development as professionals and individuals (Hinchliff et al., 1993).
Bishop and Scott (2001) believe Clinical nursing is fundamental to nursing practice, that it provides expertise that are used to bring high quality care to patient’s that is not likely to be provided by a lay person. During this assignment I will discuss Christopher Johns model of structured reflection and Donald Schon’s model of reflection on and in action and his coaching theory and other methods that contribute to the reflecting process. I will identify how the models then relate to clinical practice and how nursing has changed.
Carper (1978) Identified that as individuals have different ways of thinking and knowledge differentiates it is some times helpful to refer to a framework to assist reflection.
Johns et al (2002) built on Carper’s theory and constructed a model for structured reflection. His model has a series of cue’s that are set out in a logical order which prompt progression of thought and reflecting to be explored. (Johns 2000)
This model is used for analysis of critical incidents as well as more general experiences.
Over a period of time Johns has continually tested the adequacy of his model and has developed it.
Similar to Johns model is The reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988). This model guides the practitioner through the cycle which encourages the practitioner to describe a situation, analyse their feelings, evaluate experiences, and consider other
References: Argyris, C. and Schon, D. (1974) Theory in Practice. Jossey Bass, San Francisco. Bishop, V and Scott, I (2001) Challenges in clinical practice: Professional developments in nursing Boud, D., Keogh, R and Walker, D. (1985) Promoting reflection in learning: A model in reflection. Pg 19. Kogan Page. London. Boud, D. & Walker, D. (1991) Experience and Learning: Reflection at Work, Geelong, Victoria, Deakin University Book Production Unit. Bulman, C. and Schutz, S. (2004). Reflective practice in nursing. 3rd Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. Eraut, M. (1994) Developing professional knowledge and competence. Falmer Press. London. Hinchliff, S. M., Norman, S. E., Schober, J. E. (1993) Nursing practice and health care. 2nd Ed. Edward Arnold. London. Johns, C. (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carper’s ways of knowing in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22: 226-34 Johns, C Johns, C. (2002) Guided Reflection: Advancing Practice. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. Jowett, s., Peters, M. and Wilson-Barnett, J. (1999) The impact of scope – practitioners views on its relevance and potential for service development. Nursing Times Research. 4 (6): 422-31 Melosh, B Palmer, A. Burns, S and Bulman, C (1994) Reflective practice in nursing: the growth of the professional practitioner. Blackwell scientific publications. Oxford. Schon, D.A. (1987) Educating the reflective practitioner. Jossey Bass, San Francisco. UKCC. (1992) The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing. The Scope of Professional practice UKCC. London NHS http://www.nmc-uk.org/(xsnqskjdq2e5yg55qwq12555)/aFrameDisplay.aspx?DocumentID=659. Accessed 04/12/2007