Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and diagnosis of phobic disorders (8 + 16 marks)…
Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and diagnosis of phobic disorders. ( 8+16)…
Abnormality is deviating from what is considered the normal or usual behaviour as a society, normal is a statistical standard defined by what society are managing and what society considers socially acceptable or deviant or what the standard of adequate functioning meaning are they capable to cope with everyday life? There is a concept of ideal mental health this is a state of contentment we all strive to achieve. Abnormal behaviour can be understood by the biological and psychological models of abnormality these consider explanations to why people suffer with mental illness; mental illness is defined by a condition which causes serious disorder in a person’s behaviour or thinking, the…
Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning. Be sure to include the following:…
The behavioural treatments for anxiety disorders such as phobias aim to extinguish the association between the anxiety provoking situations and the patient’s responses to it. This is done in treatment methods such systematic desensitisation and flooding. Within these treatments classical conditioning is used to change your behaviour by associating undesirable behaviour with something unpleasant or associating desirable behaviours with something pleasant, this allows abnormal or undesirable behaviours to be removed through conditioning. In both of these treatments they are sectioned into two types of treatment; in vivo which is exposure to the real life object; and vitro which is imagining being exposure to the real life object. An important feature of behavioural therapy is its focus on current problems and behaviour, and its attempts to remove what a patient finds troublesome. Although, this contrasts greatly with the psychodynamic therapy (Freud) where Freud’s aim is much more on trying to uncover unresolved conflicts from a patient’s childhood which he believes is the cause of abnormal behaviour.…
According to Western cultures such as the American culture, people are driven by the need to be happy and filled with positive feelings. But it is very interesting to know that new studies have shown that “in reality, some people don't want to be happy, and especially extremely happy” (Pappas). The problem is not with the good feeling of happiness; the problem is with the horrible event that is bound to happen afterwards, which will cause great sadness. Cherophobia is more commonly known as the fear of happiness. It is also known as aversion to happiness. Cherophobic people always have the feeling that they should not get too comfortable when they are happy because a big event will occur and taint this happiness.…
Fear is the source of ideas that scares people the most. They took advantage of that in this film by making the Antagonist fear itself. At this point you might be thinking, “ Isn't the antagonist the creepy looking clown that can take shape of things people fear the most?” Believe it or not, the clown is just a representation of fear itself. It is just using the clown as one of many states it can take, such as one of the protagonist's brother, and a father. As a result, Coulrophobia is a really prominent symbol in this film. Coulrophobia is the fear of clowns, and a high percentage of people have it. To further support this claim, take a look at this article by Chapman University discussing fears of the average US citizen, Clowns are one of the top three fears in the US, alongside tight spaces and public speaking.…
Have you ever been on top of a large building and were too afraid to look over the side? Have you ever climbed a really tall tree and were too afraid to climb down? I have, when I was younger I climbed a really tall tree and when I got to the top I looked down, I was too afraid to climb back down. What I was experiencing was a fear of heights know as acrophobia. Acrophobia (n.d.) according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is an abnormal dread of being in a high place: fear of heights. I believe that most people become a little scared when it comes to heights. There is nothing wrong with having acrophobia to an extent. It is a defense mechanism our bodies use to stop us from walking off cliffs. The problem is when a natural instinct becomes paranoia. For example, someone who has acrophobia would be scared, nervous, and or panic inside a safe environment like a skyscraper.…
Despite overwhelming evidence supporting the safety and benefits of vaccines, fear of vaccinations has proven resistant to information leading to a rise in refusals among parents in developed countries (Dipietro). In modern society with the rapid pace of vaccine development along with new technology, the history and importance of vaccines seem forgotten, leading people to underestimate the severity of infectious diseases. “Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it,” George Santayana. The growing resistance to vaccinations is a well-known occurrence, due to the positive effects vaccinations have had worldwide. Studying history is necessary to continue to evolve and avoid repeating the mistakes of our past. “History never repeats itself, but man always does,” Voltaire. Modern society (Millennials) do not understand the threat of infectious disease because they lack the life experience to know the devastation they can bring. Several parents have increasingly questioned the safety of vaccines, as a result vaccination rates have fallen to dramatically…
Phobias: Is an unreasonable yet strong fear of a certain objects, class of objects or situation. Nearly half of all people report having phobia. Common phobias include fear of crowds, darkness, heights and animals such a snakes or spides. Phobia sufferers experience fear and a strong desire to escape whatever they encounter the phobic object or situation. Most people are able to aviod the object of their phobia cause personal distress or when aviodance of it interferes with a person’s ability to carry out normal activities, mental health professionals classify it as ‘ Anxiety Disorders “. These sufferes may need specialized treatment to overcome their phobias.Many phobias have a special names.The fear of heights is ‘‘Acrophobia”. Agoraphobia is the dread of open…
When placed in a fearful situation, a body of authority has the opinion to use their powers accordingly or to misuse their powers all together. There are two simple questions that we ask ourselves, but can never come up with a simple answer. What is fear and why does it affect us? We have different bodies of authorities that we come in contact with on a daily basis. Each of them have a certain amount of power that they can use. They have ways to use those powers as well as misuse them. When they are placed into a scenario in which they have to rely off of fear, they have to make a choice as to which way those powers will be used.…
Trembling limbs, pounding heart so frantic that a heart attack is certain to commence, sweat dripping from the forehead as fate seems lurking around the corner. Panic Disorder is so traumatic that the intense fear one suffers can make them feel they are going to die, or their experience of other physical distress result in not being able to cope with living. Those that suffer from panic disorder experience anxiety that affects its victims emotionally, physically as well as mentally. While many people are affected by it in one way or another, anxiety and panic disorder is far more serious and detrimental to the well-being and ability to…
After watching the video on aversion therapy, a form of physical therapy, I feel as though we have stepped back in time. Going back to when mental institutions were flourished with different types of “treatment” that many patients have experienced, such as electroshock therapy, ice baths, etc. In my opinion, if a person is clearly not permitting to such painful physical approach, it is considered torture. Forcing someone to wear an electroshock device against their will so that you can prevent them from hurting themselves or others is absolutely inhumane.…
It has been said that the focus of someone with anuptaphobia is change; finding the ideal partner may be far more important than other aspects of life, and remaining single is something to be feared at all costs. There are many phobias, but something about this one interested me. Anuptaphobia has two different parts. One of which is the person is afraid to get married, and the other is that person rushes into a relationship. The third point is the combination of the two parts put together.…
The fear of clowns can be quite a dramatic and overpowering fear in adults also; the fact that up to one in every seven people has it to some degree is often overlooked. Symptoms of coulrophobia are fast heartbeat, sweating, feelings of dread, nausea, screaming, crying and anger at being placed where a clown is present. Most phobias start in childhood, but in a few, the fear persists…
