Classical Conditioning Phobias Research Paper
Types of Conditioning Phobias and Addictions
Todd Hague
PSY/300
August 28, 2013
Richard Johnston
Types of Conditioning Phobia and Addictions
Phobias and addictions can be very difficult on a mental standpoint. The definition of a phobia is an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object, class of objects, or situation (Webster). There are many kinds of phobias such as, Cynophobia the fear of dogs could be a result of being bitten as a child or being cornered by a dog. Other fears could be Astraphobia the fear of lightening as a child you were scared of storms so you developed a phobia on storms. Acrophobia is fear of heights and the fear of falling you are high up you might have an anxiety attack …show more content…
so you avoid high places. Trypanophobia is the fear of injections (the fear of needles), which can cause one anxiety because the patient associates the pain with the needle. A reaction can be caused before the injection is given such as fainting or other anxiety symptoms. Phobias are can be developed through classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov was famous for his theory of classical conditioning who studied digestive systems of dogs. In his studies and experiment he noticed, that dog’s salivate when presented with food which was a common trait. Pavlov noticed if the bell or a tuning fork rang the dog would salivate when there was no food present. The dog associated the food with the bell this is what is known as classical conditioning. One more example of this is music the neutral stimulus is the music when paired the unconditioned stimulus automatically triggers tapping of the feet know as an unconditioned response. Fears and phobias progress in the same way as conditioning. Phobias can cause health problems from panic attacks or anxiety. Individuals with phobias avoid being in that situation and stay in their comfort zone. Human beings we behaviors that can easily become addicted to a drug or food or substance. In operant conditioning human beings get addicted to substances they see other people doing, such as food, sex, gambling, and drugs.
Addiction is defined as compulsive physiological need for and use of a habit-forming substance (as heroin, nicotine, or alcohol) characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be physically, psychologically, or socially harmful (Webster). Classical conditioning is learned behavior using a stimulus and operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses a reward to gain the desired response and example of this would be drug addiction the behavior is learned the addiction is the craving for the drug the use of the drug is the reward. One example to is that classical conditioning involuntary behavior and Operant conditioning is focused on voluntary behaviors. Operant conditioning is defined as a conditioning in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus (Webster). Operant conditioning can be used for punishment when the desired response is not achieved. Addiction such as alcohol for example would be you had the long hard day and you a have a cold six pack over the legal limit. The beer was your reward for having a long hard day. The addiction of wanting more beer is and addiction to alcohol and the substance has a hold of you which is known as alcoholism. The punishment will be impulsive if you get caught being pulled over for driving under the influence by the police because you decided to get more beer and drive to the store that would not be a favorite for a drinker getting caught the rush is not to get caught. Extinction would be not to drink at all and have an ice tea and make the behavior decrees or disappear. Operant conditioning can be related to an extinction technique if to many beers are consumed and the individual decides to go get more beer in a driving a motor vehicle to get there the thrill would be not getting caught and the consequence would be getting arrested for driving under the influence. The extinction would be not to drink as many beers or not at all and try a different reward for a long hard day and never to drive under the influence of alcohol.
In summary I have talked about classical conditioning and how it is automatic for dogs to salivate when there is food present and buy repeating the conditions with the bell ringing triggered the same response the dog eventually learned when the bell rings there is food and to salivate even without the food present.
We learned the operant conditioning requires some type of reward being either positive or negative such as punishment. We learned about phobias and what types of phobias are out there, phobias can cause health problems if not treated. Human beings are social and impulsive we see someone else doing it makes us maybe want to try it to even if it is a negative behavior and you might pay the consequences for it. What differentiates us from animals is our ability to think and reason about something before we do it, Seek treatment mental disorders and addictions can change that learned behavior pattern. Most behaviors or conditioning can be changed or modified seek professional help. There are many organizations and peer groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous, rehab clinics, and peer groups to help with your addictions phobias and fears you are not …show more content…
alone.
References
(n.d.).
Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classical-vs-operant-conditioning.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/phobias/p/commonphobias.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addictions
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phobia
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader.aspx (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/operant conditioning
Grading Rubric
Week Two Assignment
Expectations:
Individual Assignment: Phobias and Addictions Paper
Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning. Be sure to include the following:
Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning.
Explore how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning.
Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning.
Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning.
.
Format your paper according to APA standards.
10 Points Possible
Requirement
Points Possible
Points Earned
Content:
Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning
Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning.
Explore how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning..
Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning.
7
5.5
Mechanics:
Writing style
Grammar
Punctuation
Readability
Length
1
.75
APA Format:
Title page
Titles and sub-titles
In text citations
References
Page numbering
Running Head
2
1.5
Late Deductions if any
Total
10
7.75
Todd Hague
PSY/300
August 28, 2013
Richard Johnston
Types of Conditioning Phobia and Addictions
Phobias and addictions can be very difficult on a mental standpoint. The definition of a phobia is an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object, class of objects, or situation (Webster). There are many kinds of phobias such as, Cynophobia the fear of dogs could be a result of being bitten as a child or being cornered by a dog. Other fears could be Astraphobia the fear of lightening as a child you were scared of storms so you developed a phobia on storms. Acrophobia is fear of heights and the fear of falling you are high up you might have an anxiety attack …show more content…
so you avoid high places. Trypanophobia is the fear of injections (the fear of needles), which can cause one anxiety because the patient associates the pain with the needle. A reaction can be caused before the injection is given such as fainting or other anxiety symptoms. Phobias are can be developed through classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov was famous for his theory of classical conditioning who studied digestive systems of dogs. In his studies and experiment he noticed, that dog’s salivate when presented with food which was a common trait. Pavlov noticed if the bell or a tuning fork rang the dog would salivate when there was no food present. The dog associated the food with the bell this is what is known as classical conditioning. One more example of this is music the neutral stimulus is the music when paired the unconditioned stimulus automatically triggers tapping of the feet know as an unconditioned response. Fears and phobias progress in the same way as conditioning. Phobias can cause health problems from panic attacks or anxiety. Individuals with phobias avoid being in that situation and stay in their comfort zone. Human beings we behaviors that can easily become addicted to a drug or food or substance. In operant conditioning human beings get addicted to substances they see other people doing, such as food, sex, gambling, and drugs.
Addiction is defined as compulsive physiological need for and use of a habit-forming substance (as heroin, nicotine, or alcohol) characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be physically, psychologically, or socially harmful (Webster). Classical conditioning is learned behavior using a stimulus and operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses a reward to gain the desired response and example of this would be drug addiction the behavior is learned the addiction is the craving for the drug the use of the drug is the reward. One example to is that classical conditioning involuntary behavior and Operant conditioning is focused on voluntary behaviors. Operant conditioning is defined as a conditioning in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus (Webster). Operant conditioning can be used for punishment when the desired response is not achieved. Addiction such as alcohol for example would be you had the long hard day and you a have a cold six pack over the legal limit. The beer was your reward for having a long hard day. The addiction of wanting more beer is and addiction to alcohol and the substance has a hold of you which is known as alcoholism. The punishment will be impulsive if you get caught being pulled over for driving under the influence by the police because you decided to get more beer and drive to the store that would not be a favorite for a drinker getting caught the rush is not to get caught. Extinction would be not to drink at all and have an ice tea and make the behavior decrees or disappear. Operant conditioning can be related to an extinction technique if to many beers are consumed and the individual decides to go get more beer in a driving a motor vehicle to get there the thrill would be not getting caught and the consequence would be getting arrested for driving under the influence. The extinction would be not to drink as many beers or not at all and try a different reward for a long hard day and never to drive under the influence of alcohol.
In summary I have talked about classical conditioning and how it is automatic for dogs to salivate when there is food present and buy repeating the conditions with the bell ringing triggered the same response the dog eventually learned when the bell rings there is food and to salivate even without the food present.
We learned the operant conditioning requires some type of reward being either positive or negative such as punishment. We learned about phobias and what types of phobias are out there, phobias can cause health problems if not treated. Human beings are social and impulsive we see someone else doing it makes us maybe want to try it to even if it is a negative behavior and you might pay the consequences for it. What differentiates us from animals is our ability to think and reason about something before we do it, Seek treatment mental disorders and addictions can change that learned behavior pattern. Most behaviors or conditioning can be changed or modified seek professional help. There are many organizations and peer groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous, rehab clinics, and peer groups to help with your addictions phobias and fears you are not …show more content…
alone.
References
(n.d.).
Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classical-vs-operant-conditioning.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/phobias/p/commonphobias.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addictions
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phobia
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader.aspx (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/operant conditioning
Grading Rubric
Week Two Assignment
Expectations:
Individual Assignment: Phobias and Addictions Paper
Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning. Be sure to include the following:
Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning.
Explore how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning.
Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning.
Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning.
.
Format your paper according to APA standards.
10 Points Possible
Requirement
Points Possible
Points Earned
Content:
Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning
Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning.
Explore how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning..
Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning.
7
5.5
Mechanics:
Writing style
Grammar
Punctuation
Readability
Length
1
.75
APA Format:
Title page
Titles and sub-titles
In text citations
References
Page numbering
Running Head
2
1.5
Late Deductions if any
Total
10
7.75