Research Paper On Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality. As hyponatremia develops brain cells loose sodium and chloride within 2-3 hrs followed by loss of organic osmolytes in next 48 hrs, however these organic solutes takes longer time to re accumulate intracellularly in the event of hyponatremia correction. If hyponatremia is corrected rapidly, serum becomes relatively hypertonic causing efflux of water from brain cell and thereby leading to cerebral myelinolysis. Even though urea is freely permeable across cell membranes, diffuses slowly between CSF and brain cells compared to plasma and muscle – leading to dialysis disequilibrium syndrome with influx of water in to brain cells. There has been case reports of azotemic hypanatremic cases