Extracellular matrix is added between the cells Collagen fibers Minerals Osteoblasts: lay down new bone Osteocytes: mature bone cell; found in lacunae Osteoclasts: break down bone; take the calcium out of the bone and put it into the blood, especially when blood calcium levels are too low. Mineral salts with lots of phosphate. The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue.…
|A hematoma forms, The break is splinted by a fibrocartilage callus, The bony callus forms, lastly bone remodeling occurs. |…
Osteoclasts cause the bone tissue to break down and release calcium into the blood stream. When the calcium levels reach a high level then the osteoblasts come in and form blood tissue and reducing the calcium in the blood.…
Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a disorder in which the bones become increasingly brittle due to the loss of calcium and other mineral components. In osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture deteriorates, and the amount and variety of proteins in bones are altered. Osteoporosis can cause severe back pain, hip fracture, and loss of mobility. It is very damaging to the vertebrae and can lead to needing spinal surgery. Age is an independent risk factor for the development of Osteoporosis and the prevalent rises drastically with age. (Jen Hyashi)…
Leukemia is the malignant disorder of white blood cells in which the cells become abnormal and divide without control or order. Hematopoietic stem cells, also known as hemacytoblasts, are found in bone marrow and are the precursor to erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets). Leukemia is caused by the mutation of the bone marrow pluripotent or most primitive hematopoietic stem cells (Caldwell, 2007). The mutations during hematopoiesis causes uncontrolled proliferation of stem cells resulting in overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells (Huether, 2012). The leukemic stem cells will then enter the blood stream affecting other organs such as the liver, spleen, lymphnodes, and under certain circumstances the central nervous system. The mutant clone may demonstrate unique morphologic, cytogenic, and immunophenotypic features that can be used to classify the particular type of leukemia (Caldwell, 2007). Leukemia can be fatal if left untreated because of the inhibited ability to produce and provide normal red blood cells, white blood cells, and plates to maintain homeostatic mechanisms.…
Good morning listeners and welcome to another 15 minutes of healthy ways to start your day. Today we are discussing the issue of healthy bones. Most people don’t realize how easy it is to abuse your bones on a daily basis and how important it is to avoid doing it. We put together a few tips to help you avoid the pain of arthritis, osteoporosis and bone fractures. First we’ll discuss exactly what these issues are and then we’ll tell you ways to avoid them. Arthritis is the swelling of the joints and causes a great deal of pain. People that suffer from arthritis have difficulty and pain in all joints including their wrists, hands, elbows, shoulders, knees and even in their ankles. Osteoporosis, a disease of the bones, can leave you with lacking bone tissue. And the final issue we will discuss today is bone fractures. There are six different types of bone fractures and each is very painful and can leave you in pain, even after the original injury is “healed”.…
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that can get worse with time. Your bones become fragile due to losing bone mineral density and bone mass. People do not realize this disease is occurring because they cannot feel their bones becoming weaker ("What is osteoporosis," 2011). Osteoporosis is most likely caused by three imbalances in the human body. Cause number one is a low magnesium/high calcium ratio. Cause number two is your female/male hormone is low. Cause number three is a low thyroid function ("The causes of osteoporosis,").…
For years, studies have shown that post-menopausal women have greater risk of having osteoporosis; this is because their levels of estradiol are reduced once menopause hits. The major purpose of estrogen in bones is to regulate osteoblast apoptosis, or death of the cells that are responsible for forming bone, and therefore regulate the breakdown of bone and release of minerals to the bloodstream. With deficiency of estrogen, the osteoblasts live longer and can break down more bone than they normally would, thus leading to loss of bone and tearing of the trabecular plates, which are spongy plates found at the ends of long bones such as those in the leg or arm.…
Paget’s disease or osteitis deformans (now corrected as osteodystrophia deformans) is normally a benign chronic disorder of the bone that results in various complications like bone deformities, pathological fractures and osteoarthritis (Ralston 2008). It is estimated to occur in about 2-3% of the U.S population of adults over 60 years of age and is the second most common disease after osteoporosis. The occurrence of this disease has been characterized by a significant increase in bone turnover rate and disorganization of the structure and arrangement of the bone trabeculae. This results due to increased osteoclastic activity and bone remodeling or irregular deposition, leading to the formation of large amounts of fibrous tissue which replaces marrow in the medullary spaces of the bone (Hamdy 1981).…
Osteoporosis affects the bone itself, affecting both necessary parts to keep the bone structure in a state of equilibrium, Osteoblast cells that form the osseous matrix and its calcium. This affects necessary normal motor activity “since osteoblasts depend upon stresses and strains of mobility and weight bearing for proper functioning” (Edith V. Olsen, 1967, pg.788). The lack of daily stresses in immobile patients changes the bone composition and starts a decalcification process. This results in the condition known as osteoporosis. A condition easily susceptible to fractures…
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone density, which can lead to an increased risk of bone fractures1. Osteoporosis is closely linked to bone remodeling2, an adaptive process which maintains bone tissue integrity throughout one’s lifetime3. This process is carried out by specialized groups of bone cells known as basic multicellular units (BMUs) which dictate the processes of coupled bone breakdown and bone formation.3 During osteoporosis, this bone turnover rate accelerates and bone remodeling is shifted towards greater bone resorption than formation, resulting in cortical bone loss2. Because osteoporosis arises from this imbalance in bone remodeling processes, strategies to prevent or reverse osteoporosis must aim to improve…
Multiple Sclerosis was first recognized as a specific disorder in 1873 in England. By the end of the century, after careful observation, most of the symptoms and some causes were known. In MS the immune system attacks the myelin of the bone that covers the nerve fibers. The MS can also attack nerve cell bodies which are located in the brain, it specifically influences the spinal cord, brain, and optic nerve. This then causes difficulties in communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The majority of the patients with MS are women with north European descent. Most of the country recognizes the name but most don’t understand the specifics of the disease. This disease is constantly being researched and studies about…
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak & brittle due to low bone mass & bone tissue deterioration.…
If the accumulation of these cells continues, the movement will be limited and eventually the disease will develop to the next stage. Furthermore, white blood cells release inflammatory mediators that start forming the pannus, which is an inflammatory synovial tissue that covers the cartilage and destroys it. [5] The third stage is a severe stage that causes a complete destruction of the cartilage. This happens when the pannus release enzymes that cause an erosion around the edge of the joints, so it will lose its moving ability. After that, the fourth stage or the end stage of rheumatoid arthritis comes causing a destruction and loss in the density of the bones, not only in the area that surrounds the affected joints but also in all of the body. Moreover, the neutrophils, which is a type of the white blood cells, worsen the inflammation in the joint. According to the Rheumatology Oxford Journal, "not only are neutrophils found in high numbers within the rheumatoid joint, both in synovial tissue and in joint fluid." [6] For this reason, neutrophils play a huge role in the cartilage and bone destruction that happen in the third and fourth stages.…
Cancer can be dangerous to human health. Symptoms of this disease depend on the type and location of the cancer. A patient diagnosed with cancer suffers different symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, diarrhea, constipation, and blood in the stool. Expect chills, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Cancer can be detected early using different apparatus and tests like MRI scan, CT scan, Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Biopsy. The earlier we detect cancer, the lesser symptoms we’ll experience and the chance to cure this disease before it spread all over our body.…