Deterministic system is 100% predictable results from output or activities. An exam-ple of Deterministic system will be the Mathematical formulae.
Probalistic system is outcome or results that cannot be 100% predicted as it is con-trolled by chance event. Example of Probalistic system will be the growth of a com-pany.
Closed system is a system which does not exchange material, information or energy with its environment. Finance department is an example of Closed system. It does not exchange information with its environment.
Open system is a system which continually exchange materials and other infor-mations. It also receives input from the environment and releases output to the envi-ronment. One of the examples of the open system is the Marketing department. It regularly exchanges feedbacks with its external environment to have a better under-standing of the market and consumer needs.
Rolls-Royce is open system taken as a whole, while their sub-systems may be either open or closed. Open system in Rolls-Royce will be Human Resource department as they have to recruit employees therefore requires them to work with external parties to find suitable candidates. Operation/ Technical department will be closed system as it does not have any interface with its environment and is rather self-contained and is affected in predictable ways.
Basically, open systems are needed for survival in uncertain and unstable circum-stances while closed systems are required for stability, consistency and efficiency.
Question 2
Rolls Royce Holdings Plc (RR) is a publicly traded company on the London Stock Exchange. Through 2 key Joint Ventures (JV) with Singaporean businesses, RR also has a strong presence in Singapore, hiring more than 1400 staff in the country. One of such JV is SAESL (Singapore Aero Engine Service Ltd.), which is a tripartite venture between Rolls-Royce (UK), SIAEC (Singapore) and HAESL (Hong Kong). The second of such JV is IECO