Etiology- MRSA is caused by Staphylococcus aureus germs on the skin that start an infection in a surgical wound or open wound. Unnecessary use of antibiotics have, over time, increased the resistance of the germs to the antibiotics used to treat them.…
The genus Staphylococcus includes more than 20 species as described in Bergey 's Manual (2001). Only two are significant to humans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. S. aureus colonizes mainly the nasal passages, but it may be found regularly in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Staphylococcus epidermidis is an inhabitant of the skin. Of these two Staphylococcus aureus is serious pathogen. Staphylococcus epidermidis is of the normal flora and is not considered to be a serious pathogen (textbookofbacteriology.net). Staphylococcus epidemidis becomes pathogenic when the skin is broken or through contamination from medical procedure. Staphylococcus aureus are only able to invade via broken skin or mucous membranes.…
It is normal for healthy people to have staph on their skin. Many of us do. Most of the time, it does not cause an infection or any symptoms. This is called “colonization” or “being colonized.” Someone who is colonized with MRSA can spread MRSA to other people.…
To understand Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, we must first understand Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical, or coccus, bacteria (MRSA). The bacteria usually appears is chains, bunches, or grape like clusters, (Gregory, 229). It is a gram-positive aerobic organism that causes skin infections and sometimes pneumonia, endocarditis and osteomyelitis (Beers, 1442). This infection commonly leads to abscess formations (Beers, 1442). Staphylococcus aureus is a coagulase positive bacterium, and is among those that are dangerous human pathogen because it has the ability to both be extremely virulent and its ability to develop antibiotic resistance, (Beers, 1442).…
Introduction: Carriage of S.aureus is important in hospital patients, preoperative patients, hospital staff, food handlers etc. because it carriage of S.aureus appears to play a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. S.aureus can cause localized and invasive infections in humans. S.aureus is a major cause of food poisoning due to their ability to produce enterotoxins which if ingested in sufficient amounts results in sickness. Food handlers carrying enterotoxin-producing S. aureus in their noses or hands can contaminate food leading to food poisoning. Hospital personnel may be nasal carriers of S.aureus in a higher percentage of cases than in the general population. In a hospital study, S.aureus nasal carriage rates were found 28% (41/144) in normal population, and 31.5% (12/38) in hospital laboratory personnel.…
Staphylococcus is a genus of the Gram-positive bacteria which appears as grape-like clusters structure when observed under the microscope. Staphylococcus genus can be grouped into not less than 40 species, where nine of them consist of 2 subspecies and one gas three subspecies. Staphylococcus was first found in the year if 1880 by surgeon A.Ogston during a surgical abscess in a knee joint. Until this day, average estimation of 20% of the human population are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus, one of the members of the Firmicutes, is commonly found in the respiratory tract or on the skin, causing skin irritation and infection and also sinusitis and respiratory infection (Ogston A 1984).…
Staph bacteria can be on the surface on the skin. It also can be on surfaces that you encounter from day to…
According to the National Center for disease control and prevention, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus is a type of staph infection that is resistant to the usual antibiotics that are effective in treating other types of staph ("CDC - Definition of MRSA | MRSA Infections", 2010). Sometimes antibiotic resistant infections are called super bugs. This essay attempts to discover how it happens, how it can be prevented and possible treatments available.…
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (staph), is commonly found in pimples, infected cuts, and when people have colds ("Staphylococcus", 2014). Therefore, staph can be transmitted from person to person from contaminated hands. The…
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was first discovered in the 1880s and is a dangerous and versatile pathogen that causes many types of severe diseases. Most commonly it causes skin infections, respiratory tract infections, and food poisoning. In the 1940s, when the antibiotic medications such as penicillin was discovered and introduced, it became a primary treatment for S. aureus infections. However, misusing and overusing the use of antibiotics caused the evolution of these bacteria to become resistant to drugs that were designed to combat these infections. Throughout 1950s, S. aureus became resistant to penicillin, so methicillin was introduced to counter the growing populations of penicillin-resistant S. aureus. In 1961, the first strains of S. aureus bacteria became resistant to methicillin and so the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was born. Since methicillin is a form of penicillin, the MRSA are resistant to an entire class of penicillin-like antibiotics called beta-lactams. S. aureus continues to evolve and have shown more resistance to additional antibiotic drugs over time (NIH, 2008).…
By definition methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial infection that is highly resistant to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is a strain of bacteria that is normally found on the skin or in the nasal passage way of about one third of the population. MRSA is the staphylococcus aureus bacteria that do not respond to antibiotics.…
In reviewing the article “What is your facility doing to combat MRSA?” patients were screen for MRSA prior to surgery, with the intervention of increased hand washing. This is very cost effect for the patient as well as facilities. Loyola University Medical Center in Illinois was in support of the guidelines of the Association for Professional in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) and the CDC for preventing the mushroom effect of MRSA. This hospital piloted a quantitative program for pre-admission testing of all surgical patients and encourages MRSA screening for all patients. With the increase in MRSA infections, the hospital increases the screening to all pre-admission patients. The Association of per Operative Registered Nurse (AORN) encourages all facilities to manage the spread of MRSA, by following guidelines set by the APIC and the CDC. This includes enforcing contact-isolation precautions; hand hygiene policy, and performing screening for MRSA on all surgical…
diff). Clostridium difficile is a type of bacteria that lives in your intestines. It generally will do no harm to the human body but, certain things can lead to this bacteria to grow, which will end up causing some serious life threatening problems. "Most people who get a C. diff infection are getting medical care. The biggest risk factor is taking antibiotics. While antibiotics may cure the bacteria that are making you sick, the drugs can also knock out the healthy bacteria in your digestive tract. Then C. diff takes over." says webmd.com. As of 2011 C. diff was the cause of half a million infections in the United States.There are other bacterial infections that have a serious threat such as Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter and MRSA. Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter is a bacteria that are mostly found in either soil or water. It has the possibility of living in human skin for days at a time. The people that are mostly seen with this bacteria is the people who have been in the hospital with another illness for a while. This infection is very dangerous because it is faster at developing more resistance against antibiotics than any other bacteria. On the other hand MRSA is a bacteria that stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As stated by mayoclinic.org "infection is caused by a…
Cellulitis is an infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Cellulitis can occur as an extension of a skin wound, as an ulcer, or from furuncles or carbuncles. The infected area is warm, erythematous, swollen, and painful. The infection is usually in the lower extremities and responds to systemic antibiotics, as well as therapy to relieve pain. Cellulitis can also be associated with other diseases including chronic venous insufficiency and stasis dermatitis.…
Staph is a common germ that about 1 out of every 3 people have on their skin (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). A Staph infection comes from the Staph germ entering and infection or a wound. Healthcare acquired, or nosocomial, Staph infections are common in surgery patients because the patient has had an open incision. Non-healthcare acquired Staph infections can come from a simple cut that has not been properly cared for. Healthcare associated infections and non-healthcare associated infections have different methods of preventing and treating them, but both pose a threat to the community.…