Brittney Baker
Key words, names, terms, concepts: California 's Proposition 8, Prop 8; morals legislation; same-sex marriage, gay marriage; religion, religion and politics; separation of church and state; police powers; equal citizenship, equality; 2008 election.
Introduction and Thesis
The debate over same-sex marriage has been a prominent issue in our society over many years now, appearing in several ballot initiatives such as California 's Proposition 8. The idea of allowing two people of the same gender to enter into the institution of marriage has brought out drastic emotions and reactions from many different groups of people. Those who engage in the debate believe strongly in their convictions; the two loudest voices tend to come from the gay community and the religious community, the former arguing in favor of same-sex marriage and the latter against it. Religious groups, predominantly from a Christian based faith, seem to be the single most influential force in the attempts to keep same-sex marriage illegal. Proposition 8 passed by a vote of 52% to 48%; according to one exit poll 81% of self-identified Evangelicals supported the proposition and those who say they attend church services weekly supported it by a vote of 84%. Compare this to the non-Christians who supported Proposition 8 by a much smaller margin of 15% and those who do not attend church regularly by a vote of 17%. In order to better understand the significance of these numbers, it is important to note that forty five percent of Californian voters say that they attend church services weekly, with an additional twelve percent of voters who attend church services at least once a month. This does not include the voters who also attend for religious holidays such as Christmas or Easter (Stone 2008). Thus these statistics represent a large portion of Californians, and thus a majority of voters.
Not only is a religious preference
References: Babst, Gordon A. 2002. Liberal Constitutionalism, Marriage, and Sexual Orientation: A Contemporary Case for Dis-establishment. New York: Peter Lang. Babst, Gordon A., Emily R. Gill, and Jason Pierceson, eds. 2009. Moral Argument, Religion, and Same-Sex Marriage: Advancing the Public Good. Lanham:Lexington Books. Bachu, Amara and Martin O 'Connell. 2002. Fertility of American Women. Current Population Reports: U.S Baird, Robert M., and Stuart E. Rosenbaum, eds. 2004. Same-Sex Marriage: The Moral and Legal Debate. New York: Prometheus Books. Bowers, Attorney General of Georgia v. Hardwick et. al., 478 U.S. 186 (1986). (2010, Apr. 22). Cahill, Sean. 2004. Same-Sex Marriage in the United States: A Focus on the Facts. Lanham: Lexington Books. Divorce Magazine. 2010. U.S. Divorce Statistics: Marriage and Divorce. < http://www.divorcemag.com/statistics/statsUS.shtml> (2010, Apr. 27). Dupuis, Martin. 2002. Same-Sex Marriage: Legal Mobilization, and the Politics of Law. New York: Peter Lang. Engel et. al. v. Vitale et. al., 370 U.S. 421(1962). < http://scholar.google.com/scholar_ case?case=14815219471388213647&q=Engel+v.+Vitale&hl=en&as_sdt=2002&as_vis=1> (2010, Apr. 22). Gill, Emily R. 2009. "The Religion Clauses and Same-Sex Marriage." In Babst, Gill, and Pierceson, eds., Moral Argument, Religion, and Same-Sex Marriage.Lanham: Lexington Books. Henley, Kenneth. 2008. "The Cheshire Cat: Same-Sex Marriage, Religion, and Coercion by Exclusion." In Reidy and Riker, eds., Coercion and the State. New York: Springer. Hull, Kathleen E. 2006. Same-Sex Marriage: The Cultural Politics of Love and Law. New York: Cambridge University Press. InfidelityFacts.com. 2006. Infidelity Statistics. < http://www.infidelityfacts.com/infidelity-statistics.html> (2010, Apr. 22). Kahn, Yoel H. 1989. "The Kedushah of Homosexual Relations." In Sullivan, ed., Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con A Reader. New York: Vintage Books. Knight, Robert H. 1994. "How Domestic Partnerships and "Gay Marriage" Threaten the Family." In Baird and Rosenbaum, eds., Same-Sex Marriage: the Moral and Legal Debate Lawrence et. al. v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003). (2010, Apr. 22). Marriage. In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (2010, Apr. 22). McKinney, Jack. 2004. "A Christian Case For Same-Sex Marriage." In Baird and Rosenbaum, eds., Same-Sex Marriage: The Moral and Legal Debate. New York: Prometheus Books. Pinello, Daniel R. 2006. America 's Struggle for Same-Sex Marriage. New York: Cambridge University Press. Reidy, David A., and Walter J. Riker, eds. 2009. Coercion and the State. New York: Springer. Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878). (2010, Apr. 22). Stone, Geoffrey R. 2008, Nov. 15. Democracy, Religion and Proposition 8. < http://www.huffingtonpost.com/geoffrey-r-stone/democracy-religion-and-pr_b_144103.html> (2010, Apr. 27). Strasser, Mark. 1997. Legally Wed: Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution. New York: Cornell University Press. Sullivan, Andrew, ed. 1997. Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con A Reader. New York: Vintage Books. Wenz, Peter S. 2009. Beyond Red and Blue: How Twelve Political Philosophies Shape American Debates. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. 2008, Oct. 9. Mormon Church Steps Into the Prop. 8 Battle. (2010, May 7).