The purpose of the bromination of arenes was to determine the different reactivities of different hydrocarbons with different hydrogen atoms when reacted with bromine under free-radical substitution. The time it took for the bromine color to disappear was used to determine the order of reactivity of the different hydrocarbons.…
Procedure: Filled each test tube with substances provided and subjected them to various conditions. These conditions included, heat, cold water, hot water, acid and basic additions and tested on litmus paper. The reactions were observed and documented at each step.…
4. to test a variety of household products and classify them as acids or bases…
Procedure: In this lab we mixed many different substances to see if they formed a double replacement reaction. We also looked for precipitants that were formed from the mixing of the different substances. We used barium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, aluminum sulfate, and iron (III) chloride in set one. In set two we used potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, magnesium nitrate, barium chloride, sodium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate. For each set, we mixed two drops of one compound in five wells of a spot plate. We then added two drops of all the other substances to the compound. We repeated this procedure for set two. If a precipitant formed from any solution, we recorded the color on our data table. If no precipitant formed, we recorded NR. After mixing and recording all the compounds we rinsed to spot plate thoroughly with water.…
4) Burn the known substances one by one to see what will happen. When it starts to burn take the beaker off of the burner.…
The experiment performed in the second part of the lab was heating 4 different chemical substances (s) and observing the changes made to them. Also determining if a chemical change had occurred. One test was performed with the substances in the tubes and another with the chemicals outside of the tubes and over the open flame.…
determine acidity or basicity. Other reactions can be observed as well when different chemicals are…
To begin the experiment, we assembled a reflux apparatus in the fume hood with a 100 mL round bottom flask and a condenser. Next we added 44 mL of sulfuric acid to a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. We also measured 4.75g ammonium chloride and 8.75g ammonium bromide into a 125 mL beaker, crushed the lumps, and placed in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with the sulfuric acid. We used heat to help the solutes dissolve. When they had dissolved, we allowed the flask to cool and then poured 17 mL of the solution into a separatory funnel and the rest of the solution into the reflux apparatus. 2.5 mL of 1-butanol was added to the reflux apparatus along with a boiling stone. We then started the circulation of water and brought the mixture to a gentle boil for 75 minutes. After that time we allowed it to cool in an ice bath. We then transferred the solution to a 125 mL separatory funnel and allowed the phases to separate. The lower layer was drained and the halide solution was decanted into a ground-glass stoppered flask. We then analyzed the sample using refractometry.…
In chemistry it is important to understand the difference between physical and chemical changes. The objective of this experiment was to perform tests using heat or chemical mediators and observe the results for any physical or chemical changes. Various materials were heated or mixed, monitored and results recorded. Numerous chemical and physical changes were noted during the procedure. It was possible to distinguish between physical and chemical changes using scientific observations.…
In order to properly characterize the cyclohexene obtained a Bromine test was used. 2 Drops of cyclohexene and 20 drops of dichloromethane were placed in a test tube in which 2 drops of Bromine test reagent were added. A positive test was received indicating the presence of cyclohexene.…
B. You know what color phenolphthalein and Bromthymol blue turn when testing an acid or a base. Use the empty pipet in the Auxiliary Supplies Bag to test several (at least 3) household items including household cleaning products with Bromthymol blue. Rinse the pipet well before using it on the next household chemical. When finished with this experiment rinse the pipet well and return it to the Auxiliary Bag for use in future experiments. Name the items tested and record their results. What do these results mean?…
Saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acids all have single bonds. It's made up of two kinds of smaller molecules called monoglyceride and fatty acids. The fat is linked with a double bond. Double bonds can work with hydrogen to form a single bond. When the second bond breaks, each half of the bond is attached to a hydrogen atom.…
For the longest time we were told that Fat was unhealthy, and we should cut it out of our diets. However, science has proven that is not the case. Saturated fats like meat, dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut oil, can raise your blood lipids (fats) and increase your risk of heart disease. These saturated fats have been linked with high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. One of the best ways to reduce the risk from saturated fats is to keep your intake below 10% of your diet. Unsaturated fats can help reduce the risk of heart disease. There are two types of an unsaturated fat, monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). Some of the unsaturated fats are: avocados, peanut butter,…
CHEM 3281 Experiment Seven Determination Of The Composition Of A Multi-Component Mixture By Spectrophotometric Analysis Objectives: 1.Solid sample handling 2.The composition of a three-component mixture will be assayed by dissolution of the soluble components in water and measurement of their individual concentrations by visible spectrophotometry. Text Reference: Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry, Frank Settle, editor. Prentice Hall, , Upper Saddle River, NJ 1997, Ch 25. H.H. Willard, et. al. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th edition, Wadsworth Publishing Co.:Belmont, CA 1988, p. 159-172. Skoog, Holler and Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th edition, Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, TX 1998, Ch 13 & 14D. Introduction: The Beer-Lambert law states that the log of the ratio of the power of a beam of monochromatic light incident on the sample (Io) over the power passed through the sample (I) is defined as the sample absorbance (ABS). The absorbance of a solution containing only one chromophore will be proportional to the concentration of the chromophore, C, the absorptivity, a or ε, and the optical path length, b. ABS = log (Io/I) = εbC or abC at any one wavelength ε = molar absorptivity (L/mole-cm) a = absorptivity (L/g-cm) b = path length (cm) C = concentration (moles/L or g/L) (depends on whether you are using ε or a to represent absorptivity) The absorbance of a solution containing more than one chromophore will be equal to the sum of the absorbances of each of the components at any one wavelength. ABStotal = ABS1 + ABS2 + ... ABS n…
have to be accurate, but if the concentration is reduced, less fat will be required to…