# Introduction
Earthquake Engineering can be defined as the branch of engineering devoted to mitigating earthquake hazards .In this broad sense, earthquake engineering covers the investigation and solution of the problems created by damaging earthquakes, and consequently the work involved in the practical application of these solutions, i.e. in planning, designing, constructing and managing earthquake-resistant structures and facilities In developing the Structural Engineering Slide Library as a resource for teaching structural and architectural engineering, the topic of structural dynamics is of prime importance. Earthquake engineering is one of the most visible aspects of this field and one of the most easily illustrated due to the extent and variety of structural damage in earthquakes; thus it was decided to devote a volume to this subject. Professor Bertero, of the Department of Civil Engineering and Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley is uniquely qualified for this undertaking. This publication is the outcome of extensive teaching in structural dynamics, theoretical and experimental research on structural components and structural systems in the field of earthquake-resistant design, as well as on-site studies of structural damage in major ea(x+a)^n=∑_(k=0)^n▒〖(n¦k) x^k a^(n-k) 〗rthquakes in Alaska, Argentina, Algeria, California, Guatemala, Japan, Nicaragua and Venezuela. The following material, usually seen only at conferences, is now made available for general use, and will be particularly useful as an aid to the teaching of structural dynamics and earthquake engineering.
# Application 1. The main objective of this volume is to illustrate to students of structural and architectural engineering the problems and solutions in attaining efficient earthquake-resistant structures and facilities
2.To prevent non-structural damage in frequent minor ground shaking
3.To prevent