Sixtus Crusade Against The Turkss

Throughout his papacy, Sixtus had renewed the crusade against the Turks, been involved in the Pazzi conspiracy, and repaired and established _________ of Roman architecture. Sixtus had been in office from 1471 until his death on August 12th, 1484. Although it has been said that Sixtus had died from distress, his death remains unknown. Today, Sixtus’ tomb can be found in the basement Treasury of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Of his tomb, commissioned by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Pope Julius II) and sculpted by Antonio Pollaiuolo, are two levels: the inner and the outer level. Of the inner level, consists of a lifelike depiction of the Pope lying in state surrounded by the seven virtues, with three theological virtues, charity, hope,
and faith at the head, giving these virtues a place of honor and prominence. In the corners, are the arms of Sixtus (top, right and left) and the arms of his nephew, Giuliano Rovere (Pope Julius II, bottom, right and left) At the head and feet of Sixtus, are two inscriptions; with his signature at his head, and an appraisal of the artist, Antonio Pollaiuolo, at his feet. On the outer level, are bas relief panels, depicting the allegorical female figures of the arts and sciences, with philosophy and theology at the head, geometry, music, and painting to the right side, and arithmetic, astronomy, and dialect to the left side. Each figure incorporates the oak tree (“Rovere” in Italian) symbol of Sixtus IV. These figures were, by writers of the nineteenth and twentieth century, thought to be _______ of paganism, as something so worldly as the semi-nude allegories of the Arts were to appear on a memorial to a Pope. These elements, virtues, arms and figures, were, at the time, what humanists place at the center of culture, and thus, were sculpted to Sixtus’ tomb, as he was known for being a cultured man at the time. The monument, made of purely bronze rested on a green marble slab, represents sixtus’ _____