In ancient Rome, the proletariat consisted of the poor who didn’t own any type of land.
In the Theory of Karl Marx, the term proletariat designated the class of wage workers who were engaged in industrial production and whose chief source of income was derived from the sale of their labor power. In Marxist sociopolitical thought, the dictatorship of the proletariat refers to a state in which the proletariat, or the working class, has control of political power. The term, coined by Joseph Weydemeyer, was adopted by the founders of Marxism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, in the 19th century. Many people believed that the proletariat were slaves but they were just the lowest rank of the Roman
Empire.
There are four types of classes during this time. First, we have bourgeoisie, the social order that is dominated by the so-called middle class. In social and political theory, the notion of the bourgeoisie was largely a construct of Karl Marx (1818–83) and of those who were influenced by him. Then we have the plebeian, referred to all free Roman citizens who were not members of the patrician, senatorial or equestrian classes. Plebeians were average working citizens of Rome – farmers, bakers, builders or craftsmen – who worked hard to support their families and pay their taxes. Last but not least, The Landlord Class, the owners of land who makes money from ground rent on land. Conflict was always exchange between these groups. Marx argued that the capitalist bourgeoisie mercilessly exploited the proletariat. He recognized that the work carried out by the proletariat created great wealth for the capitalist. As the bourgeoisie developed, so did the proletariat, and it is the proletariat who will eventually destroy the bourgeoisie. The proletarians live only as long as they can find work, and they can find work only as long as their labor increases capital. Proletariats a term commonly used by Communists, to describe the class of workers in an urban area, who work in the service industry or the manufacturing industry. These urban workers are different from the peasants, who are workers who do farming jobs in rural areas. The political way of thinking of Communism states that the proletariat should have a revolution and take over the means of production. They are often sarcastically referred to as "wage-slaves." Eventually, the term proletariat was distinguished from the working class as a generic term.
Proletariat, plebeian, bourgeoisie, and landlords are four different ranks people are grouped in. Karl Marx’s theory and the ancient Rome definition of proletariat are basically the same. A German philosopher and social scientist named Friedrich Engels who founded the Marxist theory together with Karl Marx once said, “All history has been a history of class struggles between dominated classes at various stages of social development.”