Solubility Of Solutes Lab Report

The main purpose of this lab is to experiment the molecular polarity on the solubility of solutes in variates of solvents and helped us to determine the polarity of the unknown solute. In this lab, we observed the effects of adding polar liquid solutes to non-polar liquid solvents.
Materials used:
 Safety goggles
 3 graduated cylinders
 ethanol,C2H5OH
 solid iodine, I2
 glycerol, C3H5(OH)3
 water
 10 rubber stoppers
 10 test tubes
 kerosene
 ammonium chloride,NH4CL
 an unknown solute
The polarity of a solute or solvent which is present in covalent molecules illustrates which part of the molecule is either slightly positive or negative. In this lab, we experimented with different variates of solutes and observed the characteristics of the solutes when in
contact with the solvents.
When we observed the reactions of each solute coming into contact with the solvents we had mixed results. The problems that we faced when performing this lab was allocating the right amount of the solvents we used the test tube so we do not alter the results but we overcame this problem by using the graduated cylinder to accurately display the amount that we put for each substance. The results that we got for each experiment usually came in the same reaction while having some different than the others. When we started step two, we got mixed results when we add two iodine crystals to each of the solvents. When the iodine crystal came into contact with the water it immediately dissolved while ethanol and kerosene changing into different colors with both having a different characteristic such as one dissolving while the other did not. When we attempted step three, we noticed that when ammonium chloride came into contact with the three solvents only one of the three solvents had a reaction while the other did not. When the water came into contact with the
ammonium chloride it immediately dissolved. Through step four, we repeated the same procedures as the previous experiments but we used two drops of glycerol in each of the solvents. The drops of glycerol had mixed results with each of the solvents. Water dissolving quickly while the other two not dissolving but kerosene having bubbles at the bottom while ethanol was not clear. When we obtained the unknown sample and experimented with all of the solvents we got some results but water having a cloudy effect when both substances reacted.
The main conclusion that we gathered through doing these tests where that when the solutes came into contact with the solvents we got mixed results. The experiment illustrated that the force of attraction between the solute and solvent plays a crucial role, in addition to the internal forces which play a role.