Solution Manual for Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Skoog/Holler/Crouch Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed.
Chapter 1 Instructor’s Manual
CHAPTER 1
1-1. A transducer is a device that converts chemical or physical information into an electrical signal or the reverse. The most common input transducers convert chemical or physical information into a current, voltage, or charge, and the most common output transducers convert electrical signals into some numerical form. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4. The information processor in a visual color measuring system is the human brain. The detector in a spectrograph is a photographic film or plate. Smoke detectors are of two types: photodetectors and ionization detectors. The photodetectors consist of a light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode to produce a current proportional to the intensity of light from the LED. When smoke enters the space between the LED and the photodiode, the photocurrent decreases, which sets off an alarm. In this case the photodiode is the transducer. In ionization detectors, which are the typical battery-powered detectors found in homes, a small radioactive source (usually Americium) ionizes the air between a pair of electrodes. When smoke enters the space between the electrodes, the conductivity of the ionized air changes, which causes the alarm to sound. The transducer in this type of smoke detector is the pair of electrodes and the air between them. 1-5. A data domain is one of the modes in which data may be encoded. Examples of data domain classes are the analog, digital and time domains. Examples of data domains are voltage, current, charge, frequency, period, number.
1
Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed. 1-6.
Chapter 1
Analog signals include voltage, current, charge, and power. The information is encoded in the amplitude of the signal.
1-7. Output Transducer LCD display Computer monitor Laser printer Motor Use Alphanumeric information Alphanumeric information, text, graphics Alphanumeric and
Chapter 1 Instructor’s Manual
CHAPTER 1
1-1. A transducer is a device that converts chemical or physical information into an electrical signal or the reverse. The most common input transducers convert chemical or physical information into a current, voltage, or charge, and the most common output transducers convert electrical signals into some numerical form. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4. The information processor in a visual color measuring system is the human brain. The detector in a spectrograph is a photographic film or plate. Smoke detectors are of two types: photodetectors and ionization detectors. The photodetectors consist of a light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode to produce a current proportional to the intensity of light from the LED. When smoke enters the space between the LED and the photodiode, the photocurrent decreases, which sets off an alarm. In this case the photodiode is the transducer. In ionization detectors, which are the typical battery-powered detectors found in homes, a small radioactive source (usually Americium) ionizes the air between a pair of electrodes. When smoke enters the space between the electrodes, the conductivity of the ionized air changes, which causes the alarm to sound. The transducer in this type of smoke detector is the pair of electrodes and the air between them. 1-5. A data domain is one of the modes in which data may be encoded. Examples of data domain classes are the analog, digital and time domains. Examples of data domains are voltage, current, charge, frequency, period, number.
1
Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed. 1-6.
Chapter 1
Analog signals include voltage, current, charge, and power. The information is encoded in the amplitude of the signal.
1-7. Output Transducer LCD display Computer monitor Laser printer Motor Use Alphanumeric information Alphanumeric information, text, graphics Alphanumeric and