Spinoza's Views On False Ideas

Spinoza argues that false ideas are incomplete. Ideas that are correct are complete, and they have connections to other ideas. However, when an idea has incomplete, the knowledge is inadequate. Inadequate ideas are then opinions or imagination, because this knowledge is fallible. Adequate ideas are viewed as reason, because they are complete and have connections between other ideas. Descartes believed that the origin of error was when people participated in “nothingness.” Because intellect is finite, it is not possible to error, but free will is infinite and with our free will we can participate in “nothingness,” which causes us to error. Spinoza rejects this origin of error because argues that false ideas are incomplete, it does not mean they are part of “nothingness” or lack knowledge (intellect), rather they contain inadequate knowledge and do not have a connection to other ideas.
Concerning the concept of “free will,” Spinoza states that “the will and the intellect are one and the same” (Spinoza, pp. 96), and in the scholium of proposition 35, Spinoza explains the concept of “free will” by stating:
“Men are deceived in thinking themselves free, a belief that consists only in this, that they are conscious of their actions and ignorant of the cause of their actions. Therefore the idea of their freedom is simply the ignorance of that
I think that we exist in this type of unity, and that unity consists of the mind and body. The mind leads to ideas, and the combination of body and ideas leads to actions. So the concept of “free will” makes me think that “free will” is impossible, because the actions that we make is based on ideas, and all complete ideas are a part of God (Nature). That is why Bain argues that “free will” does not follow the nature of God. By stating that we use “free will”, we separate ourselves from God (Nature), which is impossible in Spinoza’s explanation because we are all part of