Strain TheoriesThis research paper describes
Strain TheoriesThis research paper describes
Dr. Robert Agnew studied strain theory and spoke about the criticisms that were discovered in the original theory. The original strain theory found an increase in delinquency would result from an increase in aspirations as well as a decrease in expectations. This was later found to be false. The initial theory was a prediction of a focus of lower class delinquency. Research into this claim was found to be just as likely to happen in both middle and upper classes. The original strain theory ignored different variables, which Agnew addressed. Both the abandonment of crime in late adolescence as well as the quality of family relationships was overlooked (Agnew, 1985).…
Walters (2010) applies the Robert Merton’s strain theory to explain hate crime. Strain theory posits that most members of society have similar goals. However, crime occurs when some individuals do not have legitimate avenues to pursue these goals. Walters (2010) argues that hate crimes against minority groups could be due to socio-economic instability in the offender’s life. This instability is perceived to be caused by the incoming minority groups.…
What causes people to commit crime? This million dollar questions has place many criminologists and researchers searching for answers. In the past decades, people have tried to explain crime by referring to the earliest literature of criminal’s atavistic features to human biology. Recent studies have shows that crime is described in the social environment. While, no one theory can prove the causes of crime, strain theory has gain support in academic research for its five mode of adaptation.…
What are the central assumptions of biological theories of crime? How do such theories differ from other perspectives that attempt to explain the same phenomena?…
This film helped me to understand and identify certain strains or stressors that increase the chances of a person committing a crime. These strains also cause the person to experience emotions of a negative nature, like anger or frustration. They become angry or frustrated enough that they now feel pressured to do something about the emotions they are feeling and are now willing to engage in criminal activity in an effort to stop being so frustrated or angry. In other words, people use criminal activity as a sort of escape from or haven for strain or stressors. They either seek some sort of vengeance against the source of stress or strain, or make efforts to reduce the amount of negative emotions they are feeling because of that strain or stress (“Strain…
Matza, D. & Sykes, Gresham (1961). Juvenile Delinquency and Subterranean Values. American Sociological Review. 26(5). 712-719.…
Robert Agnew published the general strain theory of crime and delinquency in 1992 as an improvement upon previous strain theory arguments proposed by Merton (1938), A. Cohen (1955), and Cloward and Ohlin (1960). The general strain theory explains crime and delinquency at an individual level, with a particular focus in social-psychological factors in the individual’s life. Despite the individualized approach, general strain theory includes some discussions of implications on the macro-, or structural, level as well. The theorist expands on earlier iterations of strain theories by supplementing the possible sources of strain, further specifying the relationship between strain and delinquent actions, contributing to the understanding of adaptations…
When exposed to these types of strain, people will experience negative emotions such as anger, fear and depression, and the mechanisms used for coping with these emotions often involves criminal means when the level of strain experienced is thought to be chronic, unjust, and severe by the offender (O’Connor, 2013). Justin Bourque picked up a chronic marijuana smoking habit at the age of 22, to which he claimed it helped him deal with his negative thoughts about life and his lack of respect for authority (Bissett, 2014). Engaging in crime has been linked as a way for individuals to reduce the negative emotions they feel as a result of the strain or strains they are experiencing (Agnew, 2013). In the weeks leading up to the shootings, Justin Bourque was working 15 hour days at a job he didn’t like, and couldn’t afford his marijuana habit (Bissett, 2014). This links with the first type of strain in Agnew’s Strain Theory.…
Strain theory is "a micro-level, process explanation of individuals criminal behavior based on notion of goal frustration" (Howell, 2015). The general strain theory of crime and delinquency was developed by Robert Agnew's in 1985 (Akers & Sellers, 2009). The theory has three explanatory factors which is first the strain that lead to negative emotion then to behavior, but what can impact a person response to a strain is the internal and external constraints. An internal constraint is the type of value structure, self control, or even the amount of emotion management (Howell, 2015). Where the external constraint is the amount of social support or bonding and there is the nature of peer association. Strain can come from three situations which are failure to achieve positively valued, removal of positively valued stimuli, and confrontation…
The aim of this essay is to compare, contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation.…
The following section will use strain theories to analyse factors and causes that lead the offender to commit his crimes. Anomie and strain theory will be used here with respect to Merton’s concept of “retreatism” (Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995), as well as Agnew’s general strain theory (GST) as it accounts for individual and emotional strain derived from negative relationships (Agnew, 1992). These will be the primary theories used for analysis in this paper as they are most relevant. The final section will involve the application of SLT.…
References: Agnew, E. (2008). Strain Theories of Crime: When people get mad, they act bad. Retrieved October 22, 2011, from http://www1.apsu.edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory11.htm…
The purpose of this paper is to select one (1) of the theories suggested to be the cause of digital crime and explain the theory in your own words as it relates to crime in general, and describe why the theory chosen could be recognized as the most relevant in terms of being a cause of digital crime.…
For several years, psychologists have tried to coin the reason why many criminals engage in deviant behavior. They have demonstrated that social learning theory may be associated with criminal behavior, thus it is possible that people can learn and observe behaviors from their parents and untimely abuse their partners. A study conducted by David Adams (2009) explored the possibility of social learning theory to be associated with domestic abuse.…
One such influential psychological theory of crime is by Bowlby (1969), who emphasized that crime is the product of attachment insecurity with the mother. Bowlby identified that the type of attachment relationship in childhood leads to the development of a cognitive framework known as the internal working model which consists of mental representations for understanding the world, self and others. A person’s actions and interactions are guided by this internal working model and influences their contact with others (Bretherton & Munholland, 1999) and their understanding of the world (Schore, 2000)…