MORGAN KG, MUIR TC & SZURSZEWSKI 1981, ‘The electrical basis of contraction and relaxation in canine fundal smooth muscle’, Journal of Physiology, vol. 311, pp. 475-488…
1. Complete the following statements by filling in your answers on the appropriate lines below.…
summation of the twitches and by ~15pps we see no single twitches because the muscle has…
There is a decrease in amplitude after acetylcholine with concentration 10-5 was added. The amplitude is much smaller in height than before the drug was added. However, the baseline increases by 4.5cm which demonstrates that the overall tonic tension in the gut increased too. This graphical representation allows us to observe how tonic force (tension being exerted upon…
LABORATORY REPORT Activity 2 Twitch Contractions and Summation Name Instructor Date PREDICTIONS Effect of Muscle Fiber Length on Contraction 1. As muscle fiber length increases Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction 2. As the frequency of stimulation increases, the force of contraction MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurement of Threshold Stimulus 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables Effect of Muscle Length on Contraction 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables 4. What structure was stimulated to cause a muscle contraction 5. Explain why the temperature of the water bath was 35C (95 F). 6. At a stimulation frequency of 15 Hz how many stimuli were there per second RESULTS See Table 4 Measurement of Threshold Stimulus See Graph Effect of Stimulation Value on Twitch Contraction Force 1. What is the threshold stimulus 2. What is the maximum force generated at the threshold stimulus 3. How does increasing voltage above threshold stimulus affect force development See Table 5 Muscle Length and Contraction Force See Graph Effect of Muscle Fiber Length on Contraction Force 4. What was the force of contraction at a muscle length of 7.0 mm 5. What was the optimal muscle length (muscle length that generated the maximum force) 6. What was the maximum force generated at optimal length 7. How does increasing muscle fiber length affect force of muscle contraction See Table 6 Stimulation Frequency and Contraction Force See Graph Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction Force 8. What was the force of contraction at a stimulation frequency of 22.5 9. At what frequency of stimulation was the maximum force generated 10. What was the maximum force generated in this experiment 11. How does increasing stimulation frequency affect force production DISCUSSION 1. Explain why muscle contraction…
3. From Activity 3, describe the effect of increasing the voltage. What happened to the force generated and why did this change occur? Higher voltage results in higher force and a higher contractile force…
A shock is sent to thru the muscle, leading into the contraction of the of the muscle…
The latent period is the first stage of a muscle twitching. It is the time that elapses between the stimulus and its response.…
3. In order to produce smooth, sustained muscle contraction at Active Force = 2 gms, do you think you will need to increase or decrease the voltage? State your hypothesis.decrease.…
In this experiment, an untrained rat was utilized in order to display the Movement Ratio. 1 stage was selected with ten (10) trials. Each trial had a five (5) minute interval between trials to allow the rat to recover from the medium intensity shock. A medium intensity tone was selected as the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) selected to precede the Unconditioned Stimulus (US), a medium intensity shock.…
From central stimulation to mirror therapy, the development of a wide range of treatments available today is due to central mechanisms of phantom limb pain that provide major grounds for research. Other treatments, aside from those related to the central mechanism, are also worth considering in order to improve our understanding. Results of these trials currently suggest that mirror therapy seems to be the most effective treatment based on central mechanisms, with the remaining therapies giving rise to a range of positive to negative outcomes.…
Obesity is an epidemic that greatly affects over 50% of the American population. The reasons for this epidemic are numerous, from the growing trend of the super-sized meal to the intense laziness of the average American. It is this inherent laziness that leads many Americans to look for a quick fix to the problem of obesity; this has resulted in the increasing popularity of cosmetic surgeries to "cure" someone of the obesity. Gastric bypass surgery is the leading remedy for this particular problem.…
The Autonomic Nervous System I - Key 1. Damage to the autonomic motor nerves would probably result in A. no change in muscle tone. B. muscle atrophy. C. flaccid paralysis. D. increased skeletal muscle contraction. Blooms Level: 2. Understand Fox - Chapter 09 #8 Section: 9.01 Topic: Nervous System 2. Damage to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord would cause heart rate to be chronically increased compared to normal. FALSE Blooms Level: 2. Understand Fox - Chapter 09 #42 Section: 9.02 Topic: Nervous System 3. Damage to the paravertebral ganglia would limit the body's ability to respond to stress. TRUE Blooms Level: 2. Understand Fox - Chapter 09 #40 Section: 9.02 Topic: Nervous System 4. Which of the following is a catecholamine?…
5. Explain why the temperature of the water bath was 35ºC (95 ºF). The water bath…
Sampson, E. Kitchen, G. (2012) North west dementa Centre. Available at: http://www.pssru.ac.uk/pdf/MCpdfs/Pain_factsheet.pdf . Accessed on 25th April 2012.…