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Types of abuse
Signs
Symptoms
Indicators
Behaviours
Physical
Frequent injuries or unexplained bruises, welts, or cuts. Is always watchful and “on alert,” as if waiting for something bad to happen. Injuries appear to have a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt. Shies away from touch, flinches at sudden movements, or seems afraid to go home. Wears inappropriate clothing to cover up injuries, such as long-sleeved shirts on hot days.
Inability to trust, problem with relationships, panic attacks, not be able to sit comfortably, child flinches if someone makes a sudden movement
Bruises to the eyes, mouth, or ears, fingertip bruising (grasp mark), bruises of different ages in the same place. Outline bruises (hand prints, belts or shoes). Bruising on non-mobile babies. Burns bites and scars or unusual shaped scars and fractures.
A child may become withdrawn and quiet, show signs of aggressive play with other children, be aggressive towards adults, not show distress when they hurt themselves
Emotional
Excessively withdrawn, fearful, or anxious about doing something wrong. Shows extremes in behavior (extremely compliant or extremely demanding; extremely passive or extremely aggressive). Doesn’t seem to be attached to the parent or caregiver. Acts either inappropriately adult (taking care of other children) inappropriately infantile (rocking, thumb-sucking, throwing tantrums).
Lack of confidence, low self esteem, strong feeling of inadequacy, inability to trust, attention seeking, immature behaviour, poor social skills
Low self-esteem, attention seeking behaviour, nervous behaviour, continual rocking, hair twisting, delayed development, and self-mutilation.
Uncooperative, troublesome, telling lies, tantrums,
Neglect
Clothes are ill-fitting, filthy, or inappropriate for the weather. Hygiene is