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Tata nano
-problems faced by Tata to build world's cheapest car: =battle sky rocketing costs
=huge engineering hurdles
=bad press (car caught fire).
Some of the early nanos caught fire on the streets. Local and intl experts were brought in to investigate the problem but nothing was found wrong with the design of the car.
In response the nano design team of the car decided to take further safety measures in order to make a more robust nano. Additional protection was provided on exhaust system. In electrical system extra fuses were added. =violent uprisings in Singur, Kolkata (west bengal) led to shifting of factory 2200kms (using 3400 full truck loads) away at state of gujrat (near town sanand) (this was a 450 hectare complex of massive workshops); workforce of 2,300 people.
This new factory was officially opened in June 2010.
5 main sections of factory :
Engine & transmission assembled in powertrain building
Sheet metal is pressed into panels in the press shop
Weld shop assembles the panels into a body
Then the panels are sent across a skybridge to the paint shop
And then all the parts come together at the Trim, chassis & finish (TCF) shop The factory is capable of producing 350,000 Nanos a year during peak production
It boasts state of the art automation & has over 130 robots (70% automation factory) = another problem was training a workforce of villagers(in Gujrat) in order to run the operations and production departments in the factory.
Trainees were inducted at age 18. = every cost needed to be reduced starting from design right till the production At the end the car had to be a people's car (fuel economy would be important along with handling of the car) and also be aesthetical which was a real conundrum

-The Nano project (code named project X3) started in Tata's factory in Pune (20,000 employees work here)
-early stage design even involved bars instead of doors to prevent people from falling out of the car but Ratan

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