TDA 2.1 (1.1) The expected pattern of children and young people's development from birth to 19 years old.
TDA 2.1 (1.1) Abbie Oldfield
Stages of Development
Birth
Physical Development:
At birth, babies lie on their back with their head to one side, also known as the Supine position.
When they are on their front, they have their head to one side and tend to stick their bum out and tuck their knees in.
When a baby is held up by a hand, their head drops back and they partly bend their arms and legs.
Babies often have their hands tightly closed, clenched in a fist with their thumb tucked in under their fingers.
Sensory Development:
A baby will stare at bright shiny objects, and blink in response to the sound of a particular movement.
They recognise their carer’s voice, but can’t hear sounds that are too soft, and are startled by loud ones.
Babies also open their eyes and quieten when they are held upright.
They prefer to be held close, comforted, stroked or rocked and enjoy skin-to-skin contact.
Reflexes:
When anything is put into a baby’s mouth, they will automatically suck and attempt to swallow it.
When just one side of the cheek or mouth is touched they will immediately turn their heads in search for food.
If you place your finger or an object into the baby’s hand, it causes automatic grip, and pulling away will make the baby’s grasp even stronger.
When held upright, tilting forward, with their feet on a firm surface, babies will make stepping movements. This reflex is present from birth up to 2-3 months and will disappear until they are ready to walk later on.
Cognitive:
Babies will recognise when they are hungry, tired or upset, and will indicate this by crying.
Communication and Language:
Babies will cry to indicate a need that they want, but it is non-specific and you can never always tell what they are in need of.
They synchronize actions to the sound of the carer’s voice, and often imitate people with things such as sticking their tongue out.
Babies will also make eye contact with people, and look towards the direction of a
Stages of Development
Birth
Physical Development:
At birth, babies lie on their back with their head to one side, also known as the Supine position.
When they are on their front, they have their head to one side and tend to stick their bum out and tuck their knees in.
When a baby is held up by a hand, their head drops back and they partly bend their arms and legs.
Babies often have their hands tightly closed, clenched in a fist with their thumb tucked in under their fingers.
Sensory Development:
A baby will stare at bright shiny objects, and blink in response to the sound of a particular movement.
They recognise their carer’s voice, but can’t hear sounds that are too soft, and are startled by loud ones.
Babies also open their eyes and quieten when they are held upright.
They prefer to be held close, comforted, stroked or rocked and enjoy skin-to-skin contact.
Reflexes:
When anything is put into a baby’s mouth, they will automatically suck and attempt to swallow it.
When just one side of the cheek or mouth is touched they will immediately turn their heads in search for food.
If you place your finger or an object into the baby’s hand, it causes automatic grip, and pulling away will make the baby’s grasp even stronger.
When held upright, tilting forward, with their feet on a firm surface, babies will make stepping movements. This reflex is present from birth up to 2-3 months and will disappear until they are ready to walk later on.
Cognitive:
Babies will recognise when they are hungry, tired or upset, and will indicate this by crying.
Communication and Language:
Babies will cry to indicate a need that they want, but it is non-specific and you can never always tell what they are in need of.
They synchronize actions to the sound of the carer’s voice, and often imitate people with things such as sticking their tongue out.
Babies will also make eye contact with people, and look towards the direction of a