There are many facets of learning today. Teaching has a small role to play in how children learn, but it is a role nonetheless. Learning is multifarious and neuroscientists would argue that learning begins about eighteen days after conception. Many theories have been put forward that suggest learning is made up of several different perspectives as well as individual development and maturation. Once the child has reached school it is up to the teacher to decide which perspective to relate to each individual child to help them learn to their full potential. “Understandings of each [perspective] help teachers become reflective practitioners – to continually examine and critique their own beliefs and how those beliefs and practices affect their students’ learning.” (Churchill et al., 2011, p.100) An understanding of the pedagogy involved is integral to becoming an effective teacher.
The process of learning, up until recently, has been a question mark. Very little was known about how the brain learns. “Even as late as the 1970’s, developmental psychologists believed that newborn babies were not able to think.” (Churchill et al., 2011, p.82) Research conducted in the last thirty years has shown, that from a neuroscientific perspective, learning starts around 18 days after conception. This is when neurons begin to be produced in the brain. “Neurons are integral to behaviour and learning.” (Churchill et al., 2011, p.82) A neuron is a cell in the nervous system and a core component of the brain that processes and transmits information by electrochemical pulses. Neurological development begins just after conception, while other theorists believe that development, or learning, does not begin until birth. "This passing of information leads to the development of long-term hardwired neural circuitry which, for neuroscientists, is the essence of learning.” (Churchill et al., 2011, p.83)
After birth, learning is facilitated by