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Team Essay
POPULATION GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN INDIA
By Dr. Dewaram A. Nagdeve* ABSTRACT The present paper examined the relationship of population to the environment and with growing population, poverty and urbanization the environment is degrading. Conducted an analysis of changes and trends over last fifty years. The study reveals that the country 's population growth is imposing an increasing burden on the country 's limited and continually degrading natural resource base. The natural resources are under increasing strain, even though the majority of people survive at subsistence level. Population pressure on arable land contributes to the land degradation. The increasing population numbers and growing affluence have already resulted in rapid growth of energy production and consumption in India. The environmental effects like ground water and surface water contamination; air pollution and global warming are of growing concern owing to increasing consumption levels. The paper concludes with some policy reflections, the policy aimed at overall development should certainly include efforts to control population and environmental pollution.

Reader, Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, INDIA. Email: dnagdeve@yahoo.com and dnagdeve@iips.net

*

POPULATION GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN INDIA
Introduction The rapid population growth and economic development in country are degrading the environment through the uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion and intensification of agriculture, and the destruction of natural habitats. One of the major causes of environmental degradation in India could be attributed to rapid growth of population, which is adversely affecting the natural resources and environment. The growing population and the environmental deterioration face the challenge of sustained development without environmental


References: (1) Brandon Carter and Kirsten Honmann, (1991-92), "Valuing Environmental Costs in India: The Economy Wide Impact of Environment Degradation", World Bank, mimeo. (2) Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, (1995 & 1996), Health Information of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi. (3) Central Statistical Organisation, (1999 & 2000), "Compendium of Environment Statistics", Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi. (4) Central Statistical Organisation, (1999), "Statistical Abstract of India", Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi. (5) Central Statistical Organisation, (2002), "Selected Socio-Economic Statistics", Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi. (6) Centre for Science and Environment, (1982), "Citizen 's Report" The State of India 's Environment, New Delhi). (7) Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, (2002), "Indian Agriculture in Brief", Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi. (8) Energy Information Administration, 2001, International Energy Outlook, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, Washington, D.C. (9) International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC Macro, 2000, India: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998-99, Mumbai, India. (10) Government of India, (1997), Estimates of Poverty, Planning Commission, Government of India: Press Information Bureau, March 1997, New Delhi. (11) Government of India, (1999), "Economic Survey: 1998-99", Ministry of Finance, Economic Division, New Delhi. (12) Government of India, (2001), The State of Forest Report, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun. (13) Government of India, (2003), "Economic Survey: 2002-2003", Ministry of Finance, Economic Division, New Delhi. (14) Government of India, (2003), Basic Statistics on Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, New Delhi. (15) Mishra, V. K.; Retherford, R. D. and Kirk R. Smith, 1999, "Biomass cooking fuels and prevalence of tuberculosis in India", International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3, (3), 119-29. (16) Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2001, World population data sheet, Washington, D.C. (17) Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, (2001), "Provisional Population Totals", Census of India, Paper 1 of 2001, New Delhi. (18) Registrar General of India, (1981-2001), "Sample Registration System, Statistical Reports 29 (19) (20) (21) 1981-2001, New Delhi. Transport Research Wing, (1997 & 2003), "Pocket Book on Transport Statistics in India", Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India, New Delhi. UNDP, 1998, "Unequal Impacts of Environment Damage", Human Development Report 1998, Oxford University Press, New York. http:// www.nic.in 30
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