Ternary Phase Diagrams
TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS
An Introduction Guna Selvaduray San Jose State University
Credit for Phase Diagram Drawings: Richard Brindos Credit for scanning the phase diagrams: Brenden Croom
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
Utility of Ternary Phase Diagrams
Glass compositions Refractories Aluminum alloys Stainless steels Solder metallurgy Several other applications
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
References on Ternary Phase Diagrams
A. Prince, Alloy Phase Equilibria, Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, 1966 D. R. F. West, Ternary Equilibrium Diagrams, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982 G. Masing, Ternary Systems, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1944 C. G. Bergeron and S. H. Risbud, Introduction to Phase Equilibria in Ceramics, The American Ceramic Society, Ohio, 1984 M. F. Berard and D. R. Wilder, Fundamentals of Phase Equilibria in Ceramic Systems, R.A.N. Publishers, Ohio, 1990 F. N. Rhines, Phase Diagrams in Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1956 A. Reisman, Phase Equilibria, Academic Press, 1970
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
What are Ternary Phase Diagrams?
Diagrams that represent the equilibrium between the various phases that are formed between three components, as a function of temperature. Normally, pressure is not a viable variable in ternary phase diagram construction, and is therefore held constant at 1 atm.
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
The Gibbs Phase Rule for 3-Component Systems
F=C+2-P For isobaric systems: F=C+1-P For C = 3, the maximum number of phases will co-exist when F = 0 P = 4 when C = 3 and F = 0 Components are “independent components”
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
Some Important Terms
Overall composition Number of phases Chemical composition of individual phases Amount of each phase Solidification sequence
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
Overall Composition - 1
The concentration of each of the three components Can be expressed as either “wt. %” or “molar %” Sum of the concentration
An Introduction Guna Selvaduray San Jose State University
Credit for Phase Diagram Drawings: Richard Brindos Credit for scanning the phase diagrams: Brenden Croom
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
Utility of Ternary Phase Diagrams
Glass compositions Refractories Aluminum alloys Stainless steels Solder metallurgy Several other applications
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
References on Ternary Phase Diagrams
A. Prince, Alloy Phase Equilibria, Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, 1966 D. R. F. West, Ternary Equilibrium Diagrams, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982 G. Masing, Ternary Systems, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1944 C. G. Bergeron and S. H. Risbud, Introduction to Phase Equilibria in Ceramics, The American Ceramic Society, Ohio, 1984 M. F. Berard and D. R. Wilder, Fundamentals of Phase Equilibria in Ceramic Systems, R.A.N. Publishers, Ohio, 1990 F. N. Rhines, Phase Diagrams in Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1956 A. Reisman, Phase Equilibria, Academic Press, 1970
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
What are Ternary Phase Diagrams?
Diagrams that represent the equilibrium between the various phases that are formed between three components, as a function of temperature. Normally, pressure is not a viable variable in ternary phase diagram construction, and is therefore held constant at 1 atm.
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
The Gibbs Phase Rule for 3-Component Systems
F=C+2-P For isobaric systems: F=C+1-P For C = 3, the maximum number of phases will co-exist when F = 0 P = 4 when C = 3 and F = 0 Components are “independent components”
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
Some Important Terms
Overall composition Number of phases Chemical composition of individual phases Amount of each phase Solidification sequence
G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004
Overall Composition - 1
The concentration of each of the three components Can be expressed as either “wt. %” or “molar %” Sum of the concentration