According to Robbins and Judge (2007), resistance to change is derived from two sources: individuality and organizational. Resistance resulting from an individual is due to the perceptions and personalities of people in the workplace. For example, change may cause insecurity in people and resistance because change threatens and alters their perception of job security (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Organizational resistance is linked to the formulation of the organizational structure. Structural inertia (e.g. formalized regulations) would be an example of an organizational source of resistance. These sources of resistance to organizational changes can be difficult to detect because of the way in which they present themselves. Robbins and Judge (2007) noted that, “resistance can be overt, implicit, immediate, or deferred” (p. 647).
Burnes (2003) asserted that most organizations, management development, and organizational change, are seen as separate activities and carried out by different groups. According to Burnes (2003), whenever management development and organizational change are divided and passed on to different groups, it is a recipe for change management failure. Burnes (2003) argued that organizations need to embrace organizational
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