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AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: * The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) or American War of Independence or simply American Revolution, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers. * The war was the end result of escalating political tensions between the Parliament of Great Britain and colonists opposed to various taxes and other laws they considered oppressive and illegitimate. * Earlier responses of the colonies to Parliamentary actions included petitions to King George, a boycott of British goods, and the Boston Tea Party in 1773. * France, Spain and the Dutch Republic all secretly provided supplies, ammunition and weapons to the revolutionaries starting early in 1776. * The British used their naval superiority to capture and occupy American coastal cities while the rebels largely controlled the countryside, where 90 percent of the population lived. * In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of the United States over the territory bounded roughly by what is now Canada to the north, Florida to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west.
LOUIS XVI: * Louis XVI ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. * Suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of the 10th of August during the French Revolution, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 as "Citoyen Louis Capet". * Although Louis XVI was beloved at first, his indecisiveness and conservatism led some elements of the people of France to eventually view him as a symbol of the perceived tyranny of the Ancien Régime. * In the spring of 1776, Vergennes, the Foreign Secretary, saw an opportunity to humiliate France's long-standing