The Basics of Nmr
The Basics of NMR
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
[pic]
NMR
Spectroscopy
Units Review
[pic]
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR as it is abbreviated by scientists, is a phenomenon which occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and exposed to a second oscillating magnetic field. Some nuclei experience this phenomenon, and others do not, dependent upon whether they possess a property called spin. You will learn about spin and about the role of the magnetic fields in Chapter 2, but first let's review where the nucleus is.
Most of the matter you can examine with NMR is composed of molecules. Molecules are composed of atoms. Here are a few water molecules. [pic]Each water molecule has one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. [pic]If we zoom into one of the hydrogens [pic]past the electron cloud we see a nucleus composed of a single proton. The proton possesses a property called spin which: 1. can be thought of as a small magnetic field, [pic]and 2. will cause the nucleus to produce an NMR signal.
Not all nuclei possess the property called spin. A list of these nuclei will be presented in Chapter 3 on spin physics.
Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the use of the NMR phenomenon to study physical, chemical, and biological properties of matter. As a consequence, NMR spectroscopy finds applications in several areas of science. NMR spectroscopy is routinely used by chemists to study chemical structure using simple one-dimensional techniques. Two-dimensional techniques are used to determine the structure of more complicated molecules. These techniques are replacing x-ray crystallography for the determination of protein structure. Time domain NMR spectroscopic techniques are used to probe molecular dynamics in solutions. Solid state NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the molecular
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
[pic]
NMR
Spectroscopy
Units Review
[pic]
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR as it is abbreviated by scientists, is a phenomenon which occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and exposed to a second oscillating magnetic field. Some nuclei experience this phenomenon, and others do not, dependent upon whether they possess a property called spin. You will learn about spin and about the role of the magnetic fields in Chapter 2, but first let's review where the nucleus is.
Most of the matter you can examine with NMR is composed of molecules. Molecules are composed of atoms. Here are a few water molecules. [pic]Each water molecule has one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. [pic]If we zoom into one of the hydrogens [pic]past the electron cloud we see a nucleus composed of a single proton. The proton possesses a property called spin which: 1. can be thought of as a small magnetic field, [pic]and 2. will cause the nucleus to produce an NMR signal.
Not all nuclei possess the property called spin. A list of these nuclei will be presented in Chapter 3 on spin physics.
Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the use of the NMR phenomenon to study physical, chemical, and biological properties of matter. As a consequence, NMR spectroscopy finds applications in several areas of science. NMR spectroscopy is routinely used by chemists to study chemical structure using simple one-dimensional techniques. Two-dimensional techniques are used to determine the structure of more complicated molecules. These techniques are replacing x-ray crystallography for the determination of protein structure. Time domain NMR spectroscopic techniques are used to probe molecular dynamics in solutions. Solid state NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the molecular