The incubation period for Clostridium tetani Infection is from three to twenty - one days. In most cases tetanus is found within 10 days of contact with the bacteria. The incubation period is depending on the severity of the infection. When the wound is deep or more infected with the C. tetani the incubation period will be shorter and the chances of death are high. When contacted with C. tetani some of the symptoms can include involuntary muscle tightening such as stiffness in the jaw which is why it tetanus is also known for lockjaw. Other common symptoms that can occur are headache, fevers, and an elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Tetanus infection can last up to six months or more, depending on the severity and if it is treated as soon as possible. It is possible for death to occur if not treated on time. Researchers have not found a cure but have found how to fight back the bacteria. This disease is run by the Central Nervous System in which control the movement of the body. Other complications that can occur if someone has C. tetani can include having fractured bones due to all the movement of the body. Also complications with breathing because the passageway of air in the throat.…
The pathogen that would be reviewed during this essay is going to be Clostridium Botulinum. Clostridium Botulinum are rod-shaped bacteria. They live and grow in low oxygen conditions. Clostridium Botulinum causes botulism in the human body. Botulism neurotoxin causes paralysis to the nerves so that the muscles cannot contract. This happens when the neurotoxin enter the nerve cells and eventually interferes with the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, so the nerve cannot stimulate the muscle to contract. Unless the nerve can regenerate a new axon, organelle of a nerve cell, that has no exposure to the neurotoxin, the interference at the neuromuscular junction is permanent. This is why it takes so long to recover from botulism and also…
Oughton, M. T., Loo, V. G., Dendukuri, N., & Fenn, S. (2009). Hand hygiene with soap and water is superior to alcohol rub. The Society for Healthcare…
Clostridium difficile grows without oxygen and in normal temperature of 98.6 that is why the body makes a perfect host. C.difficile exists in two states-the vegetative (growth) state or the spore state. In the vegetative state the bacterium is able to use nutrients to grow and divide. When conditions become unfavorable, C.difficile is able to enter a dormant state and form a highly resistant spore. When conditions become favorable C. difficile is able to return to its vegetative state. Spores can survive up to two years on inanimate objects. C. difficile causes disease by the release of two protein enterotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, which cause severe inflammation and mucosal injury to the colon-colitis.…
Clostridium Difficile is a Gram-positive, toxin-producing anaerobic bacterium belonging to the family Clostridiaceae of the Clostridiales. Though strictly oxygen-intolerant, C. Difficile is able to produce aero tolerant endospores under unfavorable conditions that are capable of persisting in an open environment for years. C. Difficile is a commensalist species typically housed in the colonic fecal flora of a fairly small subset of the child population, with the number of carriers decreasing as children age. [1] When it exists in small numbers, this organism remains non-pathogenic. However, when it does manage to colonize and yield larger populations, its pathogenicity becomes the root cause of a variety of colon infections.…
clostridial myonecrosis. The toxin involved in gas gangrene is known as α-toxin, which inserts into the…
Clostridium Difficile is an infectious disease that is healthcare related requiring immediate attention by hospital staff. If left untreated this disease can become fatal. The mortality rate for patients that are diagnosed with severe Clostridium Difficile is 30 to 85 percent of patients that h better education for staff about the symptoms and means of spreading , prescribing fewer antibiotics unnecessarily, and introducing ways to help the patient deal with the antibiotics, and berrer hand washing for all staff ("Clostridium Difficile Infection," 2010). By making sure, that all health providers clean their hands with soap and water before and after caring for a patient, we can prevent the spread of this infection ("Clostridium Difficile Infection," 2010). Treatment for Clostridium Difficile can depend on the severity of the symptoms that are presented (Keske & Letizia, 2010).…
BOTOX, Dysport, Xeomin (onabotulinumtoxinA, BTX-A); BTX-B (Myobloc), BTX, BoNT, BTX A-G, C. Botulinum, botulinum toxin; and since 2013, BTX-H; These are all terms synonymous or derived from the most dangerous toxin known to humankind, Botulism. Botulism is the term used most often to describe the serotypes derived from Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum it 's purported, was first isolated as a bacterium by Belgium bacteriologist Emile Pierre van Ermengem in 1897. Botulism (Latin, botulus, meaning "sausage") was prior to coined by poet and physician…
“Frequently Asked Questions about Clostridium difficile for Healthcare Providers.” Healthcare-associated Infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 Nov. 2010. Web. 19 June 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/cdiff/Cdiff_faqs_HCP.html>.…
Tara Dactyl was a 6-year-old girl from Jurassic Park, Maryland. She was admitted into the hospital two days ago from experiencing paralysis in her face, muscle weakness and slurred speech. Doctors have been working nonstop to find out what is wrong, hoping she does not become completely paralyzed. They are waiting for lab results to come back from Tara’s feces sample. The doctors think that Tara is experiencing botulism or Guillan-Barre Syndrome, both have similar symptoms. The thing doctors should be expecting and looking for is me, Clostridium botulinum.…
Although bacteria is microscopic in size, it is largely important in the healthcare field, environmental work, food preparation, as well as many other industries. In particular, it is essential that healthcare workers be able to identify the species of bacteria invading a human reservoir in order to prescribe the correct antibiotic that will kill that species. For the purpose of bacteria identification, numerous tests have been devised to find out the exact species in question. However, because new strains continue to emerge, it is of the utmost importance that microbiologists and microbiology students understand the nature of each bacterial species and how that species creates and maintains its complex communities. Of equal…
“Outbreaks of botulism arising from consumption of vegetables in oil " including garlic, olives, mushrooms, beans and hot peppers " have mostly been attributed to products not being properly prepared.”…
Having the ability to collect and identify unknown microorganisms is vital in health and medicine. This capability is important for a variety of reasons, such as knowing the causative agent of disease, knowing if the microorganism obtains any beneficial properties and knowing the correct microorganism to use to create a successful antibiotic. Implementing the experimental methods learned thus far in the microbiology laboratory allowed an unknown bacterium to be identified as a result of this study. This study allows the student to exercise their ability to use and understand sterile techniques, transmission, and prevention of microorganisms.…
One of the most common foodborne illnesses in the United States is Clostridium perfringens (C.perfringens). According to the Center for Disease Control, it is responsible for approximately one million cases of foodborne illness each year (Center for Disease Control, 2011). This bacterium is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium. This means that it requires little to no oxygen to survive. It is found in many environmental sources including soil, sewage, raw meats, and vegetables as well as in the intestines of humans and animals. The bacterium creates a toxin in the intestines.…
The most common infection in the health care setting is Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and it is associated with sky rocketing hospital costs, deaths and complications. (Zacharioudakis, et al., 2015) According to studies released in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2015, the current economic burden of infectious C. difficile has become the most common microbial cause of recurrent antibiotic-associated diarrhea and other gastrointestinal illnesses and costs the American Health care system up to 4.8 billion each year. (CDC, 2015) These studies also show “nearly half a million Americans suffered from C difficile infections in one year,” additionally 1 in 5 patients experience a reoccurrence of…