The United States shifted from a manufacturing to a service-based economy in the 1980s. The shift was more commonly referred to as deindustrialization. Deindustrialization triggered the reemergence of mass unemployment. Around the mid 1980s, Americans began to suffer the effects of a downfall in urban communities. Good paying, manufacturing jobs that once provided a living wage vanished. The decline of manufacturing jobs in America led to excessive drug and crime rates, degrading living conditions, and social isolation and racial tension amongst the urban community residents.
As jobs declined in America the crime and drug rate increased rapidly in urban communities. In When Work Disappears, Wilson explains