The Ptolemaic Dynasty Of Egypt (304 – 30 B. C.)

“The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (304 – 30 B.C.)” A large cultural shift in ancient Egyptian history began to emerge, once Hellenistic leaders took over. Egypt became a product of the exchange between the two elaborate cultures. Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, from Persian leadership in 332 B.C. After his death in 304 B.C., his leadership was passed on to Ptolemy I — who was one of his generals. In becoming a new leader of this complex society, (which also underwent several territorial battles and different rulers within a small timeframe), Ptolemy faced the necessity to gain acceptance as a ruler. Once Ptolemy gained leadership, he adopted some of the religious beliefs, practices, and the culture of the Egyptians. He even proclaimed himself as Pharaoh once he became the ruler. Though he adopted some of the Egyptian practices and culture, he still implemented his own previous Hellenic practices. His descendents also preserved this custom — which helped strengthen these leaders. The success of the Ptolemaic Empire was heavily driven by the Ptolemies’ immersion into Egyptian culture and religion. There is a common narrative, where a powerful force uses religion to its own political gain and
to keep a sustenance in power. The Statue of a Ptolemaic Queen, perhaps Cleopatra VII demonstrates that.

ON CORNUCOPIA AND HEADDRESS IMMERSION OF CULTURES
The piece identified as Statue of a Ptolemaic Queen, perhaps Cleopatra VII, displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art displays this culture that emerged from the leadership of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
This piece features both the Uraeus headdress typically seen on pharaoh busts even centuries before; and a cornucopia, which originates from Greek mythology. The cornucopia in Greek mythology represents a goat’s horn overflowing with goods, or whatever its owner wishes. It symbolizes abundance and prosperity. The cornucopia fed Greek mythology’s most powerful god — Zeus. The headdress of Uraeus or serpent — is one of the most powerful symbols in the Ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, which represents the Egyptian goddess Wadjet — who protects the pharaoh or
king.

The embodiment of Uraeus is one of the most ultimate representations of power. In exploiting this sacred symbol, these leaders were able to uphold superiority through identifying with the religious practices of the Egyptian people.

An inference that would likely be made upon observing this piece is that it displays the role that women had in this society. However, women having powerful roles and being rulers is nothing new to ancient Egypt; and have existed for even centuries before.