Knowledge management literature is plentiful with different understandings of knowledge, information and data, as ideas and thoughts. As a result many organizations experience lots of expenses on knowledge management technologies, which hardly deliver with the expected outcome (Davenport, and Prusak, 1998). For further explanation, Argote et al., (2003) tried to organize Knowledge Management literature by separating it into two parts: Knowledge Management context and Knowledge Management outcome. The concluding suggests knowledge creation, maintenance and transfer. The background part stresses more the units (individuals, groups or organisations), the relationship between them and the nature of the knowledge. Reich …show more content…
Further, Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) define internalization as the process where new tacit knowledge is developed in practice through learning.
There are also other projecting Knowledge Management models such as Learning with Knowledge (LK) Cycle model, I-Space model, 4 I Framework for Learning and others, that are well- described underneath.
The Wiig Model (for building and using knowledge)
Wiig Knowledge Management model assist to put in action the suitable method of managing knowledge according to knowledge type. As Dalkir (2005) described it, the main principle of this model is that knowledge must be planned and prepared with respect to the following Areas and Fields: completeness (how much knowledge is available or the quantity of knowledge available), connectedness (recognized relations between knowledge objects), congruence (steadiness of knowledge between objects) and perspective and purpose (knowledge from specific point of view or objectives).
According to the writer, Wiig Model advances Nonaka‟s SECI model, by suggesting different levels of internalization that are presented in the table