The Working Student's of Sti College
CHAPTER I
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND The problem has been developed with the query as to how the corresponding workloads and required working hours of working students affect their studies at STI College Munoz. As a backgrounder, the primary objective of the study is for working students to overcome conflict between their corresponding workloads and required working hours as against their studies. In addition, this paper intends to provide encouragement and motivation to all students especially those who are financially distressed to pursue and finish a college degree in order to be competitive in the future and be able to realize their goals and aspirations. It may also provide learning experiences and information to faculty members and school administrators in the development and implementation of curriculum, syllabus, school policies and procedures, and other school activities.
In order to accomplish our objectives, we adopted several methodologies in obtaining data and information such as conducting surveys by providing questionnaires to our subjects, obtaining graphs, tabulations and illustrations from libraries and the internet, and conducting interviews personally and directly with our target subjects to get assurance that our data, information and values gathered were correct and accurate.
We also adopted the recommendation and referral approach to enhance our networking and be able to interview more samples as possible.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. How do the corresponding workloads and required working hours affect the studies of working students from STI College Munoz?
2. How do the working students of STI College Munoz become effective in their studies?
3. How do the students of STI College Munoz benefit from this study?
4. How does the school administration of STI College Munoz benefit from this study?
ASSUMPTION
1. It is assumed that the existing workloads and required working hours of working students from STI College Munoz affect their studies accordingly especially on time allotment for studies, time travel from work area to school campus, mandatory requirement by immediate superior on working student to spend extra working hours to meet work deadlines, or unexpected work engagement or tasks with results immediately needed by management.
2. It is assumed that the working students of STI College Muñoz become effective in their studies by applying actual work experience towards classroom discussion or other relevant topics, applying emotional maturity acquired from work environment towards study problems or habits, and applying ability to handle financial matters effectively.
3. It is assumed that the study of working students from STI College Munoz as sample data would benefit the students of STI College Munoz since the working students play a major role in linking industry practice with the academe. It is further assumed that study would be able to motivate all students especially the financially distressed to pursue and finish a college degree despite financial problems to become competitive and achieve their goals and aspirations in the future.
4. It is assumed that the study would provide knowledge and information in the preparation, development, and implementation of curriculum, syllabus, school policies and procedures and other school activities.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The significance of studying working students from STI College Muñoz as sample data will benefit the following:
• Students of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By making the full time students of STI College Muñoz realize their advantage over the working students in terms of ample time to do review, research and advance reading of their respective subjects and maximize such advantage to achieve educational excellence rather than wasting a lot of time strolling in the malls or other non-educational related activities. o By making the working students of STI College Muñoz realize their advantage over the full time students in terms of industry experience and working practices and maximizing such advantage to improve their level of maturity and sense of responsibility in terms of balancing workloads and studyloads. o By making financially distressed students realize that financial problem is not a hindrance in pursuing a college degree and that alternative sources of income are available if they are willing to work to partially or fully finance their studies.
• Faculty Members of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By taking advantage of the actual working experience and industry practice of working students as a tool for classroom discussion and source of information for curriculum development and syllabus preparation. o To become more selfless and noble in sharing their support and understanding to the needs and problems of students, to be more aware of the students goals, and be ready to assist them in making decisions.
• School Administrators of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By taking advantage of the actual working experience and industry practice of working students as a source of information for school policies and procedures development and preparation of school programs and activities. o For them to become more sensitive enough to the needs and problems of students, to be aware of the students ' goals, and be ready to assist them in making decisions.
• Researchers in the library of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By using the paper presented as a source of information on how research is conducted and sample data being gathered. o By using the information presented as a tool for practical application to daily activities.
• Prospective relatives and friends of the researchers who might happen to read the paper presented. o By using the information presented as a tool for practical application to any field of endeavor of particular interest to the prospective reader. o By using the paper presented to make them informed of their particular youth sector as well as for them to develop better understanding in the situation or problems encountered by their group of students.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS The scope of this paper will cover the activities of the working students of STI College Muñoz-Edsa. This study was limited to common problems and coping style of working student and their relation to academic requirements. The respondents of the study were the working college students of STI College Muñoz-Edsa, aged 17 and above years old from different year level (first year to fourth year) during second semester school year 2009 – 2010. This study will determine the common problems, coping styles and academic performances as well as how the students ' academic performances significantly relate with the problems and coping style.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Academe – The academic world.
Academic Performance – refers to the grades of the college student obtained in each subject as expressed in their class cards. It is measured by getting the general weighted average (GWA) of the studies during the final term, second semester school year (2009-2010). This is the result of the grades multiplied and divided by the number of the units in a semester. A copy of these grades showing their equivalent rating appears on the transcript of records available at the school registrar.
Educational Attainment – refers to the highest level of schooling a person achieved at a certain time. In this study the educational attainment is the year level the respondent is currently enrolled.
Family – refers to basic social institution of society. It is traditionally defined as a social unit of those related through marriage, birth or adoptions who reside together in officially sanctioned relationships and who engaged in economic cooperation, socially approved sexual relations and reproduction and child rearing (Andersen, 2002). In this study, this refers to the direct family of the respondents. This covers the family relationships between parents and children, between father and mother, among siblings, family economic condition and total number of family members.
Income – The average family monthly income which includes fixed sources from salaries and wages and other additional sources from business, farming, fishing and others.
Problems – Refers to the difficult situations, which the working students in STI- College, Muñoz Edsa are facing while portraying their different roles.
Socio-Demographic Profile / Profile – refers to the demographic characteristics of the respondents which include their age, gender, socio economic status of the family, college year level, family’s monthly income, and their class schedules.
Students – Refers to the respondents of this research coming from STI COLLEGE Muñoz – EDSA. They are studying at the same time working for varied reasons.
Work – refers to the type of job the respondents are engaged in while studying. In this study it refers to the respondents to their work profile which includes the type of work, where they are working, how many hours are they working and where do they spend their salary.
Working Students – are those students who work with pay, those who are self – employed or having their own business while studying after working hours or working in between class hours.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter includes a discussion of literature and studies, local and foreign, which were found to have bearings on the present study. Even though there have been only a few related studies, no similar study yet has been conducted wholly and solely on the problem of working college students of STI College Muñoz - EDSA. It can therefore be safely assumed that this research does not duplicate any study.
LITERATURE
LOCAL
Manuel R. Santos expressed the view that the fate of the domestic helpers in the Philippines is somewhat disturbing. Majority of these young people are treated like animals although he said that not all are treated like animals.
He said that not all these young people are badly treated but there are many of them who really received such maltreatment not only in our country but also abroad. Santos stressed the view that there is a need to amend the law about domestic helpers in such a way that they may be given opportunities to go to school and finish at least a college education. The author opinioned that most importantly, a domestic helper should receive a compensation commensurate to their workload with entitlement to a thirteen month pay and other benefits such as Medicare and SSS. The domestic helper should be given time to rest at least one day a week with pay. Clawid, being a working student as well as joining captivating Capiz is one of the hardest parts in the life of a college student. Why? Because aside from studying his lessons, making his homework and assignments, listening to his instructors and professors and finishing his projects, he has to do or finish other assignments or workload which full-time students don’t have. He doesn’t have enough time to go and hang out with his friends because he has assigned duty in the school, and several tasks to be done and the outcome would depend where he would be assigned to have his duty. He has responsibilities and accountabilities to the school where he is working and that is part being a working student, to serve the school and render working hours. Being a working student, the school shoulders the tuition fee and all he has to pay are the miscellaneous fees. That is one of the reasons why some students are applying to become a working student especially when their parents could no longer afford to send them to school.
Sometimes he is being told to have committed mistakes but he takes them as encouragement and as a challenge but sometimes it also puts him down, depending on how other students have told him and the manner of delivery for calling his attention for the mistake committed. Some working students are very sensitive when being told that they had committed mistakes and easily feel bad. But what makes him proud is that he decided to become a working student in order to help his parents with their burdens especially in sending him to school. Sometimes he finds some extra jobs like typing just to earn money and be dependent. Some of his fellow working students told him that they would like to quit because it is really hard and they are tired after a long hours they spend in the class. But he told them that it is a part of the life of a college student. They have to manage their time and be patient because it is their investment for their career in the future.
He is proud that he is a college working student and advised that we need patience, time management and strong determination to graduate from the course we have chosen and be able to face those circumstances and trials that may come in the life of being a college working student.
Veronica Rillorta, after her high school graduation, dreamed of going to college and taking up a course of her interest as the key to finding employment. But as June 2005 drew near, she started to get worried because her parents couldn’t send her to school. Her mother consoled her by saying that it would be her own choice if she wants to work and where to work.
At first, Veronica worked as a waitress in a restaurant in their town. The restaurant served so many customers, that they could only eat their lunch at around 3:00 in the afternoon. After working for few weeks, she quit. She relaxed for a few days, but because she didn’t want to be a burden to her parents, she found work as saleslady. Unfortunately, her employer cooked up some gossip about her and told her relatives that she had many boyfriends. She explained to her mother and dissuaded her from confronting her employer.
Veronica blamed herself and developed self-pity. She was unhappy and felt life was boring doing nothing but wait for new opportunity to come.
One day her friend from high school who has just graduated as a working student, came for a visit together with her employer, Madame Judith. Her friend told her she had recommended her to Madame Judith as her new working student.
Veronica’s parents were delighted. Thinking this was the help she had been praying for every night, she went to Solano town in Nueva Viscaya province, one week before the start of classes in June 2007.
She was fortunate given the opportunity to study in her employer’s school, while working for her family. She got free tuition and miscellaneous expenses as well as free lodging and food. And her employer gave her a monthly allowance amounting to P800.
Balancing her work and her studies was not easy for her at first, but her second parents guided and supported her. They accepted her weaknesses and trusted her.
Days became months, and months became years. She encountered some problems along the way, but they hardly mattered, compared to the chance of getting an education and becoming a more responsible and productive citizen.
Her goal is to finish her course, but her employer had told her that they have other plans for her after finishing her course. They must be the instruments of God’s love for her. They are modern-day good Samaritans to whom she owed her new life.
This early she was already thinking that in order to repay God and her second parents for their kindness, she will sponsor a scholarship program for deserving poor, young people so that they can go to college and have brighter future. She will also try to inculcate in them spiritual values and moral strength.
All the things happening in our country certainly affects the youth, but it should not drive us to despair. Instead, let us take it as a challenge for us to make a difference, for the future awaits us. Being a better youth today ensures a brighter future tomorrow. Let us always believe in God, pray without ceasing and stick to the hope that we can achieve our goals through sheer determination.
Veronica V. Rillorta, 19, is taking up a computer secretarial course at the Viscaya Institute of Computer Science in Bayom, Nueva Viscaya.
Philippine Overseas Employment Authority report by Analiza Buendia mentions that based on statistics from 1983 to 1986, there were 632 complaints from migrant women workers who were domestics helpers that they were maltreated by their employers and 14 causes of rapes. These figures involved only women with legal and proper documents, although there were many of them who did not want to risk of losing their jobs by reporting cases of abuses and maltreated by their employers to the authorities. Then there were also those who did not want to give worries to their families in the Philippines.
It was revealed that there was already organized in London an organization like commission of Filipino migrant workers(CFMW) had been helping the Filipino victims of such maltreatment and rapes; another organization was organized called “Kalayaan” whose member were Filipino domestic migrant workers who have been victims of the above kind of slavery. In this organization, it was shown that the members help each other and give moral support. It was revealed that the CFMW gave legal, financial and spiritual support to Filipinos overseas workers in London.
According to Buendia, the Philippine government is not doing anything about what is happening to the Filipino women abroad. In spite of overwhelming proofs of this domestic helpers’ slavery, there has been no determined effort to help the victims. In fact the author pointed out that government officials kept on saying that they are doing everything about the problem, but up to now no law has been passed to protect the safety and interest of Filipino domestic helpers abroad, unless something concrete is done is pointed out by Buendia. The Filipino domestic helpers’ only choice aside from escape is to endure, pray and make sleep as their only escape from drudgery and cruelty as well as abuse Although some of the related literature did not directly show that the domestic Filipina helpers abroad was not studying while they worked as such, yet some of them study in their vacant times especially in the night. This could be due to the fact that these domestic helpers wanted to finish courses with foreign orientation. While the present study is concerned mostly on the problems, profile and motivations of part time working students in STI College Munoz, it has relations with those literature published in the local scene. Based on a study undertaken by the Philippine Overseas Employment Authority (POEA) Leonila Anastacio, only 49 percent of overseas workers in 1986 were women. In the first quarter of 1987, POEA data revealed that women migrant workers had outnumbered the men in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. In fact there were 40,000 Filipino now living in Great Britain in 1987 and almost 70 percent of this was women. Most of these women were college graduates and yet many of them were employed as domestic helpers, hotel chambermaid and waitresses. The young ones were still going to school to be able to finish another course which was pure British in orientation. Others landed on such jobs as teaching and nursing. It was noted that according t several job placement agencies in London, Filipinos were the most sought after for domestic work. The agencies attributed this development to the fact that all Filipinos spoke and understand English, hardworking, seldom complain about long hours of hardworking, patient with children, and most of all can easily adopt themselves to any situation. It was reported to the Philippine Overseas.
FOREIGN
A Working Student 's Life, a relentless work ethic, an upbeat attitude and a supportive family got her to the equitation finals. But for junior Kristin Mauks, the prize she treasured most was what she learned along the way. Sandra Cooke, Mandy Lorraine, At 10 p.m. the night before the 1998 Maclay Finals, Kristin Mauks was staring through trainer Missy Clark 's truck windshield at a Manhattan side street teeming with rigs, horses, and people, with Madison Square Garden looming beyond. She 'd worked hard toward this chance for six years. For a moment, though, the reality was overwhelming.
"I was thinking, I have to unload these horses here. I have to take the tack trunks up this five-story-high ramp. This is insane! Missy kept saying, 'You need to check into the hotel and get some rest. ' But I kept thinking it was only an hour until I needed to be on a horse."
Kristin knew she 'd be riding in the Finals uin only a few hours, but the work for which she was responsible was the first thing on her mind. That sense of priorities was what had made it possible for her to be here in the first place. Kristin had ridden with Missy since age eleven, including one season as a working student in training with North Run on the Florida circuit, but family finances limited her time in the barn and at horse shows. "It was summer 1997 before I was able to show enough to qualify for the AHSA Medal Finals; I didn 't try for the Maclay because I couldn 't afford to do both." Completing high school a year early in the spring of 1998 enabled her to use a year before college to work and ride full time with Missy.
Megan Reinsch, The students who roam the sidewalks of MCC-Longview may be hard to keep up with, considering the hectic schedules they maintain.
Longview students rely on a job, whether six hours or 60 hours a week, to sustain them through the year, according to more than eighty Longview students surveyed by The Current. Sixty-seven percent reported that they work at least 20 hours a week. An additional 18 percent at least work five hours. Because of the diverse nature of the student body, the motivations to work are also greatly varied.
Some students consider having a job to be a choice, something extra they can do for extra cash. Others clearly consider it as necessary because they live on their own or pay their own bills. One respondent wrote, "If I don 't work, I can 't go to school."
Occasionally a student can find the perfect complementary job for negotiating school and work. One such respondent, balancing 12 credits and 40 hours a week workload, reported choosing to work nights in order to have time to do schoolwork on the job.
Many students responded that they recognize the need to save money for furthering their education. Other major financial needs are expenses such as housing, buying or maintaining a car, insurance, or having a family.
Many parents report balancing a variety of tasks while stretching themselves to work, raise their children and attend classes. These students also report taking the time and effort to help pay family expenses and put money aside for their children 's college years.
One respondent stated the hope most working students share: "Saving money is hard enough, but going to school and work is extremely exhausting, but once I find that job I love, it will be worth working and going to school for."
Jay, As college costs rise, more college students are forced to work now than ever before. Although it is assumed that working more hours gives students less time to study and therefore, gives the students a disadvantage, here are two conflicting studies of this argument.
The first study, called First-Year Students’ Employment,Engagement, and Academic Achievement: Untangling the Relationship Between Work and Grades, the National Survey of Student Engagement gives credibility to the long assumed idea that there is a negative correlation between students working while completing their degree. It also offers some surprising points. Some points covered are: * Working more than 20 hours on or off campus is significantly, and negatively, related to grades * Grades will actually improve if students work part time and then decline as the number of hours worked approaches full-time * Working 20 hours or less on campus was significantly and positively related to grades * The grades of students who work 20 hours or less off campus are not significantly different from the grades of students who do not work
The second article, The Effects of Work on the Educational Experiences and Liberal Arts Outcomes of First Year College Students, suggests the opposite. Although the working students in the study experienced "isolated negative characteristics", overall it suggests that students who work are not disadvantaged in their college experiences or grades as compared to non-working students, regardless of where they work or the number of hours worked. Instead, it offers that the effects of work differ based upon the nature of the employment and the characteristics of the student. The study also suggests that: * Students who work longer hours off campus benefit from increased leadership development * Conflicing studies have not always clearly explained the types of work examined or the limitations of the research design * The findings of this study add to the growing body of literature on student employment demonstrating the existence of conditional effects * This study demonstrates the importance of recognizing the influences of institutional type and the clustering effect inherent in studying college students
STUDIES There were studies in the local scene that were conducted on the working students not only in college but even in high school level. There studies concerned the student’s motivation, profile and problems, in their academic performance and in their job performance also as well as in many other aspects of their working students. These were analyzed and studied. Most of those studies concerning working students were confined on their problems, profile and objectives for working but the present study has something to do on different aspects. Better still, the present study used the questionnaire checklist to be supplemented by interview process as techniques.
LOCAL Meliza V. Rimular conducted a study on the working students in private colleges and Universities in Cabanatuan City focused on their profile are problems her specific problems were on the profile of the working students in terms of their personal circumstances family and socio-economic status, present and premium education, organization and affiliations. Present employment and motivations to work. In her problems, she included the students encountered problems regarding. Their benefits and physical development, social and recreational activities, finances, bury conditions and employment. She stated that the problems encountered by the working students were serious; the different work performed by the male and female students; and the differences of the problems of working students based on their different age groups. The method of research used by Rimular was the descriptive. The researcher adopted this since it aims to tell what exists on what is about a certain educational phenomenon, this means according to Rimular an accurate assessment arising from the data on the nature and incidence of prevailing conditions, description of object and processes as they exist. Among the significant findings of the study are majority of the female respondents, belonged to the Roman Catholic Church and from Cabanatuan city. The parents of these working students were mostly farmers. Most of the respondents graduated from Barangay high school, most of them enrolled in commerce with accounting as major; they were affiliated with the youth community service club in their respective schools. The students were motivated to work by their own selves and by their parents and main reason for working were to lessen the financial burden of their parents. The problems encountered by the working students were health and physical development, finances, living condition and employment, social and recreational activities. Social and psychological relations, courtship, sex and marriage, home and family and adjustment to college work. The significant recommendation of the study are the administrators of the schools where working students are enrolled most consider flexibility in their school programs to answer the needs of working students; they must consider alternative programs in grants in aids, scholarships, and financial assistance for working students; and faculty with whom the working have subjects must also consider the welfare and might of the working students by signing them considerations in giving class work and assignment.
Ferma Bernales, presented various problems encountered by students who served as domestic helper. She listed several ways to alleviate their plight like: first, increasing the salary rate to conform to the hiring rates mandated by the law; second, providing a well – defined king of work to be performed related to educational opportunities and rate and accommodations. Lastly, providing better work relationship between workers and employers.
In another study on the working students in college was conducted by Zenaida Caintic in Cebu city. This was conducted to determine the policies, procedures and practices in recruiting ad training the student assistants in the university libraries in the province of Cebu to know the problems encountered by such student assistant in their work. It was found that the libraries of universities in Cebu as well as in some parts of the Visayas hired students’ assistant because their full time staff could not possibly cope up with the too much work in the libraries. Universities in Visayas have some policies, procedures and practices in recruiting, hiring, training and supervising student assistants. But the libraries that were involved in the study were not in a position to select, appoint and fire out or dismiss student assistants in case of wrong doing. The student assistants as revealed in the study were given compensation for a fixed number of units, and some special privileges. However, there were dissatisfaction expressed by the majority of the respondents regarding the giving of such privileges and the terms of the monetary consideration. With the help of the Universities‘ student assistance program in Cebu and some parts of the Visayas, a considerable number of students who work as assistants of the Universities’ libraries were able to finish their studies. These students belonged to big and poor families with very annual incomes. This low income could hardly support the students’ college studies. Caintic found that the management of the libraries of the universities had problems in the process of maintaining the students’ assistance programs, although some of the student assistant - respondents expressed their preference for a full time library staff to replace the student assistants especially if they are properly supervised, the general consensus of opinion was to continue the implementation of the students’ assistance programs. Only some measures should be undertaken by the university.
In another development, W. A. Hammond conducted a study on the part time work of the high school students in some schools in the United States. This part time employment of the said high school students were both
Criticized and praised by the writer because it is possible that the health and interest of these young people may be affected. According to him, the working hours of the students which usually took for long hours of work was cited by Hammond as having an adverse effect on their attitudes and on the socio – psychological adjustment and achievement. While others contend that the students’ part time employment helps the a great deal in their social achievement in terms of budgeting their time wisely and teaches them good work habits still the students’ employment has negative effect in themselves. It was found that as a result of the students’ working, they usually come their classes unprepared due to the pressure of their part time work. Some teachers even said that students’ part time job is not advisable because this greatly affects their academic performance. While it is true that Hammond’s findings don not agree to the fact that the working of high school students are detrimental to their academic performance, yet in reality they are greatly left behind from their counterparts or classmates. This study according to Hammond was conducted among schools in middle class community in the state of Oklahoma although similar results may not be true elsewhere. In some educational institutions in all parts of the Midwestern part of the United States many high school students enjoy working, meeting people, earning their own money and being part of the adult world gave them much satisfaction on their jobs. The above study dealt on the working high school students and the present study also dealt on the high school working students in Barangay high schools in Nueva Ecija. These students are not employed but they just work to earn a little amount to be added to what their parents are giving them.
FOREIGN
A study by Singh K. and Ozterk M., reported that students who worked part-time tended to modify their course selections. Part-time work intensity (or the number of the hours worked) has a significant negative effect on the number of mathematic courses that these students took. The more hours those students worked the less mathematics. Similarly, part-time work intensity had a negative effect on science course work, the higher the work intensity, the fewer science course students took. In an internet article, a study made by Jonathan M. Orszag, (2001) entitled “Learning and Earning: Working in College”, result revealed that the effect of working while in college vary by the type of job held (e.g. full-time vs. part-time work) and its relation to the academic environment (e.g. an on-campus vs. off-campus job). Part-time student-employment may have beneficial effects: for example an on-campus research position may spark a student’s interest in further academic programs or provide important experience that will improve future labor market projects. Working part-time as a student generally appears to supplant only non-productive activities such as watching television. In addition, students who work fewer than 10 hours per week have slightly higher GPAs than other similar students. However, full time employment may impair student performance. For example, 55% of those student working 35 or more per week report that work has a negative effect on their studies. Students working full time also reported following liabilities; 40% report that work limits their class schedule; 36% report it reduces their choice. 30% report it limits the numbers of classes they take; and 26% report it limits time access to library. Gerald Oettinger found out the students of high aptitude were likely to hold regular jobs that required few hour each work. But school-year employment tended to comportment the overall academic performance. The large adverse effect was among minority students especially those who went from not working to working more than 20 hours a week in most or all weeks of the school year. These students’ averages declined about 0.22 grade points in one year. Conversely, Oettinger found that summer employment, unlike employment during school year, has no adverse impact on GPA (Grades Performances Academic).
Robert Coupe, stated that young people in Australia often consider their entry in work force as a right of achieving adult status. Young people who engaged in a field of work consider themselves as independent by owning other home and other material goods or extending help for their families.
While Abe Arkoff, says that “much of our adult liner are spent at working, student working because they must and they want in order to earn a living, fulfill themselves and become busy.”
On the survey conducted by Ohio State University, which was administered to baccalaureate graduates batch 1995-96, one of the highlights finding includes the reasons why student work which are as follows. Worked to have extra money(cell phone, laptops, etc), worked to pay for their education(tuition, books), worked to pay for living expenses (rent, food), worked for both education and living expenses, work for the expenses and to add to their resume work doing in internship, need a work-study, position and working for other reason(self-fulfillment, etc.). In an extensive study what causes students to drop out of college, Vincent Tinto summarize the conventional wisdom on in – college employment. Although employment generally harms persistence rare the effects depends on hours of work and degree to which employment removes the student from the campus community. For example, Tinto finds that full time employment is “clearly more harmful” than part time and off campus work is more detrimental than on campus work. But he also finds that some employment can be beneficial. On campus, part time work was found to improve a student’s probability of graduating - - possibility because such a job helps a students to integrate socially and intellectually into the campus community. Tinto concluded that such positive integrative experiences, especially those that bring students and faculty into contact outside of the classroom. It can play a crucial role in retaining students. Survey evidence lends further support to the nation that working maybe an important cause of dropping out. When college drop outs were asked to cite their main reasons for dropping out, 20.8 % reported part time employment as a reason and 11. 5 % reported full time employment. The study also finds that students who work continuously take somewhat longer to graduate those non-workers: student workers took an average of 9.2 semesters at least one non – non working semester. In additional, to its effects on drop – out rates, working while in school may affect academic performance. When students are assed what effect working has their studies, the most common responses is “no effect”. Not surprisingly, correlated with the average number of hours they working in a week. Over 80 percent of those working few hours reports no negative effect on their school work. By contrast, 55 percent of those working 35 hours of more per week reported a negative impact. Work is becoming increasingly common among college students. Research suggests that such work may not be harmful, and may even be helpful for undergraduates if it is limited. For example, part time on campus work appears to have no negative effects on students enrollment raises or GPAs and it may even have a positive effect. Students similarly generally perceive that limited work does not have a negative effect on their academics.
The study of Maurice Taylor stated that working is a means by which people not only acquire money to purchase food and services, but it also a means by which people express themselves working becomes a way of making a contribution to the Gross National Product of any country. As a means, a work could be a way on how most people acquire fame, social status, and social acceptance which implies total recognition of the factors.
Jame Kalat, in her study, presented measures that can improve the quality of life among working students. She gave priority to the training of students in the school on values related to economic development. She suggested that training programs can be jointly planned and implemented in the school linkage within the community.
RELEVANCE OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The review of literature provided the background and context for this paper. It shared to the reader the result of other studies.
The relevance of study presented above suggests many facts that we certainly do not take care of. Working while studying is very hard. The toll of being nearly in full fatigue is just one of their agonies. Only their mind is left clear so that they would pursue. The price of having a college degree is being expected.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics: Student employment has the potential to be a significant developmental experiences, providing extra curricular setting in which to promote learning after class, enabling students to grow as leaders, develop a positive career paths, balance courses, work and personal life.
CHAPTER III
METHODS OF RESEARCH
This chapter deals with the method of research used and research activities done by the researchers highlighting the task of gathering raw data and information and other ways for us to know the true value of the methods segment. The technical aspect of data mining and collecting followed through a series of instruments used in the research.
Surveys
The researchers utilized this technique by providing questionnaires to our subjects. The working students from STI College Munoz were our main target parameter of interest in this research paper to get their impression, sentiments and strategies as working students.
Data Mining
We also utilized this process to passively look for data from already designated data platform by obtaining graphs, tabulations and illustrations among the research domains like libraries and the internet. Copies of already published data were obtained by us for our analysis.
Interviews
This is one good approach that we have done to immediately tabulate the data values of answers coming from our subjects. It required great time and effort from us in completing such data gathering process but we were assured that our values were correct and accurate.
RESEARCH DESIGN This study mainly focused on the profile of the respondents, work profile, time management and the problems that affect the studies of STI COLLEGE Muñoz – EDSA’s students. The researchers used the descriptive method to achieve the purpose of the study. As a descriptive study, it described, analyzed and interpreted the condition encountered by the working students specifically on their problems as they continue to achieve their degree. Moreover, a descriptive study is a kind of research consisted of fact-finding with adequate interpretation of fact discovered the descriptive method was applied in this research for the description and interpretation on the problems of working students of STI COLLEGE Muñoz - EDSA. According to Manuel and Medel, descriptive research involves description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition e the process of phenomenon. This focus is on the prevailing condition, or how a person, group or a thing behaves or function in the presents. In addition, Aquino stated that the descriptive method is something more and beyond just data gathering; the latter is neither reflective thinking nor research. The true meaning of data collected should be reported from the point of view of the objectives and the basic assumption of the project underway. This follows logically after careful classification of data.
SAMPLE The study surveyed about 30 working students that is currently enrolled in STI COLLEGE Muñoz – EDSA. These working students have been chosen using simple random to represent the whole population of the working students in the said college as a part if the sample. The respondents were a mixture of male and female depending on the results of the random sampling.
INSTRUMENTS
The researchers used a questionnaire checklist to gather their data. They formulated the questionnaire with structured and unstructured questions.
The questionnaire includes the profiles, the work, the family, nature of work, time management and school performance.
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME:
SCHOOL ASSIGNED: STI COLLEGE – Muñoz Edsa
DIRECTION: PLEASE PUT A TICK (✔) MARK ON THE BOX PROVIDED BEFORE THE ITEM IF IT IS APPLICABLE TO YOU.
A. PROFILE
1. GENDER
☐ MALE ☐ FEMALE
2. AGE RANGE
☐ 17 YEARS OLD – BELOW
☐ 18 – 19 YEARS OLD
☐ 20 – 21 YEARS OLD
☐ 22 YEARS OLD – ABOVE
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF THE FAMILY
☐ BOTH PARENTS ARE EMPLOYED
☐ OTHER MEMBER/S OF THE FAMILY ARE EMPLOYED
☐ FATHER IS WORKING AND MOTHER IS AT HOME ONLY
☐ OTHERS, PLS. SPECIFY ____________
4. SIZE OF THE FAMILY IN TERMS OF FAMILY MEMBERS
☐ 3 ☐ 5
☐ 4 ☐ 6 – ABOVE
5. FAMILY INCOME (MONTHLY)
☐ PHP 10,000 – BELOW
☐ PHP 15, 000 – PHP 18,000
☐ PHP 19,000- PHP 22,000
☐ PHP 22, 000 – ABOVE
6. YEAR LEVEL
☐ FIRST YEAR ☐ THIRD YEAR
☐ SECOND YEAR ☐ FOURTH YEAR
7. WHAT IS YOUR CLASS SCHEDULE?
☐ MORNING ☐ NIGHT
☐ AFTERNOON ☐ IRREGULAR
B. WORK
8. TYPE/S OF YOUR WORK?
______________________________
9. WHERE ARE YOU WORKING?
☐ FAST FOOD
☐ OFFICE
☐ HOUSE
☐ OTHERS, PLS. SPECIFY ____________
10. HOW MANY HOURS ARE YOU WORKING?
☐ 4 - 6 HOURS ☐ 7 - 9 HOURS
☐ 10 HOURS – ABOVE ☐ COMM BASED
11. WHERE DO YOU SPEND YOUR SALARY?
☐ TUITION FEE, SCHOOL EXPENSES
☐PAY BILLS (ELECTRIC BILL, WATER BILL, ETC.)
☐ALLOWANCE, EXTRA MONEY
☐ OTHERS, PLS. SPECIFY ____________
C. TIME MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS
12. DO YOU FIND IT HARD TO BALANCE YOUR STUDIES AND WORK?
☐ YES ☐ NO
13. ARE YOU ABLE TO MANAGE YOUR SCHEDULE EFFECTIVELY?
☐ YES ☐ NO
14. DO YOU MAKE GOOD USE OF YOUR AVAILABLE TIME?
☐ YES ☐ NO
15. WORKING AND STUDYING AT THE SAME TIME, IS IT A GOOD IDEA?
☐ YES, WHY? ________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________
☐ NO, WHY?_________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________
D. PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT STUDIES
16. DO YOU USUALLY MISS SEVERAL IMPORTANT LESSONS?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
17. YOU CAN HARDLY BUY BOOKS AND OTHER THINGS NEEDED IN SCHOOL?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
18. YOU CAN HARLDY PARTICIPATE ACTIVELY IN RECITATION IN ANY SUBJECTS?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
19. YOUR ACADEMIC EFFICIENCY IS GREATLY AFFECTED?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
20. ARE YOU HAVING DIFFICULTY IN COMPLETING YOUR SCHOOL WORK BECAUSE YOU ARE BUSY WITH YOUR WORK?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
TALLY SHEET OF THE SURVEY PROFILE
1. GENDER
MALE 14
FEMALE 16
2. AGE RANGE
17 YEARS OLD – BELOW 1
18 – 19 YEARS OLD 2
20 – 21 YEARS OLD 10
22 YEARS OLD – ABOVE 10
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF THE FAMILY
BOTH PARENTS ARE EMPLOYED 8
OTHER MEMBER/S OF THE FAMILY ARE EMPLOYED 9
FATHER IS WORKING AND MOTHER IS AT HOME ONLY 10
OTHERS 3
4. SIZE OF THE FAMILY IN TERMS OF FAMILY MEMBERS
3 3
4 3
5 12
6 – ABOVE 12
5. FAMILY INCOME
PHP 10,000 – BELOW 14
PHP 15, 000 – PHP 18,000 7
PHP 19,000- PHP 22,000 6
PHP 22, 000 – ABOVE 2
6. YEAR LEVEL
FIRST YEAR 18
SECOND YEAR 9
THIRD YEAR 4
FOURTH YEAR 0
7. CLASS SCHEDULE
MORNING 17
AFTERNOON 1
NIGHT 7
IRREGULAR 5
B. WORK
8. TYPE OF WORK
SALESMAN 2
CONSTRUCTION 1
HOUSEHELPER 2
SERVICE CREW 11
STUDENT ASSISTANT 7
OTHERS 7
9. LOCATION OF WORK
FAST FOOD 11
OFFICE 6
HOUSE 3
SCHOOL 5
OTHERS 5
10. HOURS WORKING
4-6 HOURS 15
7-9 HOURS 11
10-ABOVE 4
COMMISSION BASED 0
C. TIME MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS YES NO
12. DO YOU FIND IF HARD TO BALANCE YOUR AVAILABLE TIME? 25 5
13. ARE YOU ABLE TO MANAGE YOUR SCHEDULE EFFECTIVELY? 25 5
14. DO YOU MAKE GOOD USE OF YOUR AVAIBLE TIME? 28 2
15. WORKING AND STUDYING AT THE SAME TIME, IS IT A GOOD IDEA? 27 3
C. PROBLEM THAT AFFECT STUDIES OFTEN SOMETIMES NEVER
16. DO YOU USSUALLY MISS SEVERAL IMPORTANT LESSONS? 6 20 4
17. YOU CAN HARDLY BUY BOOKS AND OTHER THINGS NEEDED IN SCHOOL? 5 14 11
18. YOU CAN HARDLY PARTICIPATE ACTIVELY IN RECITATION IN ANY SUBJECT? 4 21 5
19. YOUR ACADEMIC EFFICIENCY IS GREATLY AFFECTED? 1 25 4
20. ARE YOU HAVING DIFFICULTY IN COMPLETING YOUR SCOOL WORK BECAUSE YOU ARE BUSY WITH YOUR WORK? 5 23 2
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter shows the presentation of answers to the research questions that were asked. It also explains what themes emerged as findings from the research interviews CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter reminds the reader why the research on the working students of STI College Munoz was conducted. It tells the reader the significance of what was found out whether it match or contradict what was found in the literature review. The conclusion section tells the outcome of the project and summarizes what was researched, how the project was designed, what was found, and what meaning can be made of the research. The recommendations are helpful suggestions gleaned from the thesis and provide future researchers with options to continue study on the thesis topic.
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKShate Arkoff, Abe and S. Jurick (1993). Psychology and Personal Growth Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.u Coupe, Robert (1996), “Issues of Today: Unemployment” Australia; Hornitz Grahame Books, 1986. JOURNALS/ARTICLES Oettinger, Gerald (1999). Does High School Employment Affect High School Academic Performance? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 53(1), 136 – 151. Singh K. and M, Ozterk (2000). Effect of part-time work on High School Mathematics and some Course Training. Journal of Educational Research, 91(2), 67-64. Analiza Buendia; Migrant women workers, Philippine Daily Inquirer, October 15 1994 Leonila Anastacio; How Filipino Domestics are treated abroad? Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 10, 1991 W.A. Hammond; Part-time students’ Employment in the United States, A positive review magazine NSSP Bulletin, 1987
UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Zenaida F. Caintic; A study of the student’s Assistants Program of University Libraries in the Visayas in 1987-1988, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 1972
INTERNET ARTICLES Being a Working Student; Clawid; http://clawid.i.ph/blogs/clawid/2008/10/02/being-a-working-student/ February 15, 2010 A Working Student’s Life; Sandra Cooke, Mandy Lorraine; September 1998; http://www.equisearch.com/education/workingstudent_091003/; February 16, 2010 Working in College; Jonathan M. Orszag; August 2001; http://www.brockport.edu/career01/upromise.htm; February 14, 2010
Students stress work and study; Megan Reinsch; 11/9/07; http://media.www.longviewcurrent.com/media/storage/paper359/news/2007/11/09/Campus/Students.Stress.Work.And.Study-3094970.shtml; February 17, 2010 Working College Students: Two Conflicting Studies; Jay; July 2009; http://community.nmsu.edu/success/?q=node/253; February 16, 2010
Bibliography: Coupe, Robert (1996), “Issues of Today: Unemployment” Australia; Hornitz Grahame Books, 1986. Oettinger, Gerald (1999). Does High School Employment Affect High School Academic Performance? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 53(1), 136 – 151. Singh K. and M, Ozterk (2000). Effect of part-time work on High School Mathematics and some Course Training. Journal of Educational Research, 91(2), 67-64. Analiza Buendia; Migrant women workers, Philippine Daily Inquirer, October 15 1994 Leonila Anastacio; How Filipino Domestics are treated abroad? Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 10, 1991 W.A. Hammond; Part-time students’ Employment in the United States, A positive review magazine NSSP Bulletin, 1987 UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Zenaida F. Caintic; A study of the student’s Assistants Program of University Libraries in the Visayas in 1987-1988, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 1972 INTERNET ARTICLES Working College Students: Two Conflicting Studies; Jay; July 2009; http://community.nmsu.edu/success/?q=node/253; February 16, 2010
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND The problem has been developed with the query as to how the corresponding workloads and required working hours of working students affect their studies at STI College Munoz. As a backgrounder, the primary objective of the study is for working students to overcome conflict between their corresponding workloads and required working hours as against their studies. In addition, this paper intends to provide encouragement and motivation to all students especially those who are financially distressed to pursue and finish a college degree in order to be competitive in the future and be able to realize their goals and aspirations. It may also provide learning experiences and information to faculty members and school administrators in the development and implementation of curriculum, syllabus, school policies and procedures, and other school activities.
In order to accomplish our objectives, we adopted several methodologies in obtaining data and information such as conducting surveys by providing questionnaires to our subjects, obtaining graphs, tabulations and illustrations from libraries and the internet, and conducting interviews personally and directly with our target subjects to get assurance that our data, information and values gathered were correct and accurate.
We also adopted the recommendation and referral approach to enhance our networking and be able to interview more samples as possible.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. How do the corresponding workloads and required working hours affect the studies of working students from STI College Munoz?
2. How do the working students of STI College Munoz become effective in their studies?
3. How do the students of STI College Munoz benefit from this study?
4. How does the school administration of STI College Munoz benefit from this study?
ASSUMPTION
1. It is assumed that the existing workloads and required working hours of working students from STI College Munoz affect their studies accordingly especially on time allotment for studies, time travel from work area to school campus, mandatory requirement by immediate superior on working student to spend extra working hours to meet work deadlines, or unexpected work engagement or tasks with results immediately needed by management.
2. It is assumed that the working students of STI College Muñoz become effective in their studies by applying actual work experience towards classroom discussion or other relevant topics, applying emotional maturity acquired from work environment towards study problems or habits, and applying ability to handle financial matters effectively.
3. It is assumed that the study of working students from STI College Munoz as sample data would benefit the students of STI College Munoz since the working students play a major role in linking industry practice with the academe. It is further assumed that study would be able to motivate all students especially the financially distressed to pursue and finish a college degree despite financial problems to become competitive and achieve their goals and aspirations in the future.
4. It is assumed that the study would provide knowledge and information in the preparation, development, and implementation of curriculum, syllabus, school policies and procedures and other school activities.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The significance of studying working students from STI College Muñoz as sample data will benefit the following:
• Students of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By making the full time students of STI College Muñoz realize their advantage over the working students in terms of ample time to do review, research and advance reading of their respective subjects and maximize such advantage to achieve educational excellence rather than wasting a lot of time strolling in the malls or other non-educational related activities. o By making the working students of STI College Muñoz realize their advantage over the full time students in terms of industry experience and working practices and maximizing such advantage to improve their level of maturity and sense of responsibility in terms of balancing workloads and studyloads. o By making financially distressed students realize that financial problem is not a hindrance in pursuing a college degree and that alternative sources of income are available if they are willing to work to partially or fully finance their studies.
• Faculty Members of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By taking advantage of the actual working experience and industry practice of working students as a tool for classroom discussion and source of information for curriculum development and syllabus preparation. o To become more selfless and noble in sharing their support and understanding to the needs and problems of students, to be more aware of the students goals, and be ready to assist them in making decisions.
• School Administrators of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By taking advantage of the actual working experience and industry practice of working students as a source of information for school policies and procedures development and preparation of school programs and activities. o For them to become more sensitive enough to the needs and problems of students, to be aware of the students ' goals, and be ready to assist them in making decisions.
• Researchers in the library of STI College Muñoz-Edsa o By using the paper presented as a source of information on how research is conducted and sample data being gathered. o By using the information presented as a tool for practical application to daily activities.
• Prospective relatives and friends of the researchers who might happen to read the paper presented. o By using the information presented as a tool for practical application to any field of endeavor of particular interest to the prospective reader. o By using the paper presented to make them informed of their particular youth sector as well as for them to develop better understanding in the situation or problems encountered by their group of students.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS The scope of this paper will cover the activities of the working students of STI College Muñoz-Edsa. This study was limited to common problems and coping style of working student and their relation to academic requirements. The respondents of the study were the working college students of STI College Muñoz-Edsa, aged 17 and above years old from different year level (first year to fourth year) during second semester school year 2009 – 2010. This study will determine the common problems, coping styles and academic performances as well as how the students ' academic performances significantly relate with the problems and coping style.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Academe – The academic world.
Academic Performance – refers to the grades of the college student obtained in each subject as expressed in their class cards. It is measured by getting the general weighted average (GWA) of the studies during the final term, second semester school year (2009-2010). This is the result of the grades multiplied and divided by the number of the units in a semester. A copy of these grades showing their equivalent rating appears on the transcript of records available at the school registrar.
Educational Attainment – refers to the highest level of schooling a person achieved at a certain time. In this study the educational attainment is the year level the respondent is currently enrolled.
Family – refers to basic social institution of society. It is traditionally defined as a social unit of those related through marriage, birth or adoptions who reside together in officially sanctioned relationships and who engaged in economic cooperation, socially approved sexual relations and reproduction and child rearing (Andersen, 2002). In this study, this refers to the direct family of the respondents. This covers the family relationships between parents and children, between father and mother, among siblings, family economic condition and total number of family members.
Income – The average family monthly income which includes fixed sources from salaries and wages and other additional sources from business, farming, fishing and others.
Problems – Refers to the difficult situations, which the working students in STI- College, Muñoz Edsa are facing while portraying their different roles.
Socio-Demographic Profile / Profile – refers to the demographic characteristics of the respondents which include their age, gender, socio economic status of the family, college year level, family’s monthly income, and their class schedules.
Students – Refers to the respondents of this research coming from STI COLLEGE Muñoz – EDSA. They are studying at the same time working for varied reasons.
Work – refers to the type of job the respondents are engaged in while studying. In this study it refers to the respondents to their work profile which includes the type of work, where they are working, how many hours are they working and where do they spend their salary.
Working Students – are those students who work with pay, those who are self – employed or having their own business while studying after working hours or working in between class hours.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter includes a discussion of literature and studies, local and foreign, which were found to have bearings on the present study. Even though there have been only a few related studies, no similar study yet has been conducted wholly and solely on the problem of working college students of STI College Muñoz - EDSA. It can therefore be safely assumed that this research does not duplicate any study.
LITERATURE
LOCAL
Manuel R. Santos expressed the view that the fate of the domestic helpers in the Philippines is somewhat disturbing. Majority of these young people are treated like animals although he said that not all are treated like animals.
He said that not all these young people are badly treated but there are many of them who really received such maltreatment not only in our country but also abroad. Santos stressed the view that there is a need to amend the law about domestic helpers in such a way that they may be given opportunities to go to school and finish at least a college education. The author opinioned that most importantly, a domestic helper should receive a compensation commensurate to their workload with entitlement to a thirteen month pay and other benefits such as Medicare and SSS. The domestic helper should be given time to rest at least one day a week with pay. Clawid, being a working student as well as joining captivating Capiz is one of the hardest parts in the life of a college student. Why? Because aside from studying his lessons, making his homework and assignments, listening to his instructors and professors and finishing his projects, he has to do or finish other assignments or workload which full-time students don’t have. He doesn’t have enough time to go and hang out with his friends because he has assigned duty in the school, and several tasks to be done and the outcome would depend where he would be assigned to have his duty. He has responsibilities and accountabilities to the school where he is working and that is part being a working student, to serve the school and render working hours. Being a working student, the school shoulders the tuition fee and all he has to pay are the miscellaneous fees. That is one of the reasons why some students are applying to become a working student especially when their parents could no longer afford to send them to school.
Sometimes he is being told to have committed mistakes but he takes them as encouragement and as a challenge but sometimes it also puts him down, depending on how other students have told him and the manner of delivery for calling his attention for the mistake committed. Some working students are very sensitive when being told that they had committed mistakes and easily feel bad. But what makes him proud is that he decided to become a working student in order to help his parents with their burdens especially in sending him to school. Sometimes he finds some extra jobs like typing just to earn money and be dependent. Some of his fellow working students told him that they would like to quit because it is really hard and they are tired after a long hours they spend in the class. But he told them that it is a part of the life of a college student. They have to manage their time and be patient because it is their investment for their career in the future.
He is proud that he is a college working student and advised that we need patience, time management and strong determination to graduate from the course we have chosen and be able to face those circumstances and trials that may come in the life of being a college working student.
Veronica Rillorta, after her high school graduation, dreamed of going to college and taking up a course of her interest as the key to finding employment. But as June 2005 drew near, she started to get worried because her parents couldn’t send her to school. Her mother consoled her by saying that it would be her own choice if she wants to work and where to work.
At first, Veronica worked as a waitress in a restaurant in their town. The restaurant served so many customers, that they could only eat their lunch at around 3:00 in the afternoon. After working for few weeks, she quit. She relaxed for a few days, but because she didn’t want to be a burden to her parents, she found work as saleslady. Unfortunately, her employer cooked up some gossip about her and told her relatives that she had many boyfriends. She explained to her mother and dissuaded her from confronting her employer.
Veronica blamed herself and developed self-pity. She was unhappy and felt life was boring doing nothing but wait for new opportunity to come.
One day her friend from high school who has just graduated as a working student, came for a visit together with her employer, Madame Judith. Her friend told her she had recommended her to Madame Judith as her new working student.
Veronica’s parents were delighted. Thinking this was the help she had been praying for every night, she went to Solano town in Nueva Viscaya province, one week before the start of classes in June 2007.
She was fortunate given the opportunity to study in her employer’s school, while working for her family. She got free tuition and miscellaneous expenses as well as free lodging and food. And her employer gave her a monthly allowance amounting to P800.
Balancing her work and her studies was not easy for her at first, but her second parents guided and supported her. They accepted her weaknesses and trusted her.
Days became months, and months became years. She encountered some problems along the way, but they hardly mattered, compared to the chance of getting an education and becoming a more responsible and productive citizen.
Her goal is to finish her course, but her employer had told her that they have other plans for her after finishing her course. They must be the instruments of God’s love for her. They are modern-day good Samaritans to whom she owed her new life.
This early she was already thinking that in order to repay God and her second parents for their kindness, she will sponsor a scholarship program for deserving poor, young people so that they can go to college and have brighter future. She will also try to inculcate in them spiritual values and moral strength.
All the things happening in our country certainly affects the youth, but it should not drive us to despair. Instead, let us take it as a challenge for us to make a difference, for the future awaits us. Being a better youth today ensures a brighter future tomorrow. Let us always believe in God, pray without ceasing and stick to the hope that we can achieve our goals through sheer determination.
Veronica V. Rillorta, 19, is taking up a computer secretarial course at the Viscaya Institute of Computer Science in Bayom, Nueva Viscaya.
Philippine Overseas Employment Authority report by Analiza Buendia mentions that based on statistics from 1983 to 1986, there were 632 complaints from migrant women workers who were domestics helpers that they were maltreated by their employers and 14 causes of rapes. These figures involved only women with legal and proper documents, although there were many of them who did not want to risk of losing their jobs by reporting cases of abuses and maltreated by their employers to the authorities. Then there were also those who did not want to give worries to their families in the Philippines.
It was revealed that there was already organized in London an organization like commission of Filipino migrant workers(CFMW) had been helping the Filipino victims of such maltreatment and rapes; another organization was organized called “Kalayaan” whose member were Filipino domestic migrant workers who have been victims of the above kind of slavery. In this organization, it was shown that the members help each other and give moral support. It was revealed that the CFMW gave legal, financial and spiritual support to Filipinos overseas workers in London.
According to Buendia, the Philippine government is not doing anything about what is happening to the Filipino women abroad. In spite of overwhelming proofs of this domestic helpers’ slavery, there has been no determined effort to help the victims. In fact the author pointed out that government officials kept on saying that they are doing everything about the problem, but up to now no law has been passed to protect the safety and interest of Filipino domestic helpers abroad, unless something concrete is done is pointed out by Buendia. The Filipino domestic helpers’ only choice aside from escape is to endure, pray and make sleep as their only escape from drudgery and cruelty as well as abuse Although some of the related literature did not directly show that the domestic Filipina helpers abroad was not studying while they worked as such, yet some of them study in their vacant times especially in the night. This could be due to the fact that these domestic helpers wanted to finish courses with foreign orientation. While the present study is concerned mostly on the problems, profile and motivations of part time working students in STI College Munoz, it has relations with those literature published in the local scene. Based on a study undertaken by the Philippine Overseas Employment Authority (POEA) Leonila Anastacio, only 49 percent of overseas workers in 1986 were women. In the first quarter of 1987, POEA data revealed that women migrant workers had outnumbered the men in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. In fact there were 40,000 Filipino now living in Great Britain in 1987 and almost 70 percent of this was women. Most of these women were college graduates and yet many of them were employed as domestic helpers, hotel chambermaid and waitresses. The young ones were still going to school to be able to finish another course which was pure British in orientation. Others landed on such jobs as teaching and nursing. It was noted that according t several job placement agencies in London, Filipinos were the most sought after for domestic work. The agencies attributed this development to the fact that all Filipinos spoke and understand English, hardworking, seldom complain about long hours of hardworking, patient with children, and most of all can easily adopt themselves to any situation. It was reported to the Philippine Overseas.
FOREIGN
A Working Student 's Life, a relentless work ethic, an upbeat attitude and a supportive family got her to the equitation finals. But for junior Kristin Mauks, the prize she treasured most was what she learned along the way. Sandra Cooke, Mandy Lorraine, At 10 p.m. the night before the 1998 Maclay Finals, Kristin Mauks was staring through trainer Missy Clark 's truck windshield at a Manhattan side street teeming with rigs, horses, and people, with Madison Square Garden looming beyond. She 'd worked hard toward this chance for six years. For a moment, though, the reality was overwhelming.
"I was thinking, I have to unload these horses here. I have to take the tack trunks up this five-story-high ramp. This is insane! Missy kept saying, 'You need to check into the hotel and get some rest. ' But I kept thinking it was only an hour until I needed to be on a horse."
Kristin knew she 'd be riding in the Finals uin only a few hours, but the work for which she was responsible was the first thing on her mind. That sense of priorities was what had made it possible for her to be here in the first place. Kristin had ridden with Missy since age eleven, including one season as a working student in training with North Run on the Florida circuit, but family finances limited her time in the barn and at horse shows. "It was summer 1997 before I was able to show enough to qualify for the AHSA Medal Finals; I didn 't try for the Maclay because I couldn 't afford to do both." Completing high school a year early in the spring of 1998 enabled her to use a year before college to work and ride full time with Missy.
Megan Reinsch, The students who roam the sidewalks of MCC-Longview may be hard to keep up with, considering the hectic schedules they maintain.
Longview students rely on a job, whether six hours or 60 hours a week, to sustain them through the year, according to more than eighty Longview students surveyed by The Current. Sixty-seven percent reported that they work at least 20 hours a week. An additional 18 percent at least work five hours. Because of the diverse nature of the student body, the motivations to work are also greatly varied.
Some students consider having a job to be a choice, something extra they can do for extra cash. Others clearly consider it as necessary because they live on their own or pay their own bills. One respondent wrote, "If I don 't work, I can 't go to school."
Occasionally a student can find the perfect complementary job for negotiating school and work. One such respondent, balancing 12 credits and 40 hours a week workload, reported choosing to work nights in order to have time to do schoolwork on the job.
Many students responded that they recognize the need to save money for furthering their education. Other major financial needs are expenses such as housing, buying or maintaining a car, insurance, or having a family.
Many parents report balancing a variety of tasks while stretching themselves to work, raise their children and attend classes. These students also report taking the time and effort to help pay family expenses and put money aside for their children 's college years.
One respondent stated the hope most working students share: "Saving money is hard enough, but going to school and work is extremely exhausting, but once I find that job I love, it will be worth working and going to school for."
Jay, As college costs rise, more college students are forced to work now than ever before. Although it is assumed that working more hours gives students less time to study and therefore, gives the students a disadvantage, here are two conflicting studies of this argument.
The first study, called First-Year Students’ Employment,Engagement, and Academic Achievement: Untangling the Relationship Between Work and Grades, the National Survey of Student Engagement gives credibility to the long assumed idea that there is a negative correlation between students working while completing their degree. It also offers some surprising points. Some points covered are: * Working more than 20 hours on or off campus is significantly, and negatively, related to grades * Grades will actually improve if students work part time and then decline as the number of hours worked approaches full-time * Working 20 hours or less on campus was significantly and positively related to grades * The grades of students who work 20 hours or less off campus are not significantly different from the grades of students who do not work
The second article, The Effects of Work on the Educational Experiences and Liberal Arts Outcomes of First Year College Students, suggests the opposite. Although the working students in the study experienced "isolated negative characteristics", overall it suggests that students who work are not disadvantaged in their college experiences or grades as compared to non-working students, regardless of where they work or the number of hours worked. Instead, it offers that the effects of work differ based upon the nature of the employment and the characteristics of the student. The study also suggests that: * Students who work longer hours off campus benefit from increased leadership development * Conflicing studies have not always clearly explained the types of work examined or the limitations of the research design * The findings of this study add to the growing body of literature on student employment demonstrating the existence of conditional effects * This study demonstrates the importance of recognizing the influences of institutional type and the clustering effect inherent in studying college students
STUDIES There were studies in the local scene that were conducted on the working students not only in college but even in high school level. There studies concerned the student’s motivation, profile and problems, in their academic performance and in their job performance also as well as in many other aspects of their working students. These were analyzed and studied. Most of those studies concerning working students were confined on their problems, profile and objectives for working but the present study has something to do on different aspects. Better still, the present study used the questionnaire checklist to be supplemented by interview process as techniques.
LOCAL Meliza V. Rimular conducted a study on the working students in private colleges and Universities in Cabanatuan City focused on their profile are problems her specific problems were on the profile of the working students in terms of their personal circumstances family and socio-economic status, present and premium education, organization and affiliations. Present employment and motivations to work. In her problems, she included the students encountered problems regarding. Their benefits and physical development, social and recreational activities, finances, bury conditions and employment. She stated that the problems encountered by the working students were serious; the different work performed by the male and female students; and the differences of the problems of working students based on their different age groups. The method of research used by Rimular was the descriptive. The researcher adopted this since it aims to tell what exists on what is about a certain educational phenomenon, this means according to Rimular an accurate assessment arising from the data on the nature and incidence of prevailing conditions, description of object and processes as they exist. Among the significant findings of the study are majority of the female respondents, belonged to the Roman Catholic Church and from Cabanatuan city. The parents of these working students were mostly farmers. Most of the respondents graduated from Barangay high school, most of them enrolled in commerce with accounting as major; they were affiliated with the youth community service club in their respective schools. The students were motivated to work by their own selves and by their parents and main reason for working were to lessen the financial burden of their parents. The problems encountered by the working students were health and physical development, finances, living condition and employment, social and recreational activities. Social and psychological relations, courtship, sex and marriage, home and family and adjustment to college work. The significant recommendation of the study are the administrators of the schools where working students are enrolled most consider flexibility in their school programs to answer the needs of working students; they must consider alternative programs in grants in aids, scholarships, and financial assistance for working students; and faculty with whom the working have subjects must also consider the welfare and might of the working students by signing them considerations in giving class work and assignment.
Ferma Bernales, presented various problems encountered by students who served as domestic helper. She listed several ways to alleviate their plight like: first, increasing the salary rate to conform to the hiring rates mandated by the law; second, providing a well – defined king of work to be performed related to educational opportunities and rate and accommodations. Lastly, providing better work relationship between workers and employers.
In another study on the working students in college was conducted by Zenaida Caintic in Cebu city. This was conducted to determine the policies, procedures and practices in recruiting ad training the student assistants in the university libraries in the province of Cebu to know the problems encountered by such student assistant in their work. It was found that the libraries of universities in Cebu as well as in some parts of the Visayas hired students’ assistant because their full time staff could not possibly cope up with the too much work in the libraries. Universities in Visayas have some policies, procedures and practices in recruiting, hiring, training and supervising student assistants. But the libraries that were involved in the study were not in a position to select, appoint and fire out or dismiss student assistants in case of wrong doing. The student assistants as revealed in the study were given compensation for a fixed number of units, and some special privileges. However, there were dissatisfaction expressed by the majority of the respondents regarding the giving of such privileges and the terms of the monetary consideration. With the help of the Universities‘ student assistance program in Cebu and some parts of the Visayas, a considerable number of students who work as assistants of the Universities’ libraries were able to finish their studies. These students belonged to big and poor families with very annual incomes. This low income could hardly support the students’ college studies. Caintic found that the management of the libraries of the universities had problems in the process of maintaining the students’ assistance programs, although some of the student assistant - respondents expressed their preference for a full time library staff to replace the student assistants especially if they are properly supervised, the general consensus of opinion was to continue the implementation of the students’ assistance programs. Only some measures should be undertaken by the university.
In another development, W. A. Hammond conducted a study on the part time work of the high school students in some schools in the United States. This part time employment of the said high school students were both
Criticized and praised by the writer because it is possible that the health and interest of these young people may be affected. According to him, the working hours of the students which usually took for long hours of work was cited by Hammond as having an adverse effect on their attitudes and on the socio – psychological adjustment and achievement. While others contend that the students’ part time employment helps the a great deal in their social achievement in terms of budgeting their time wisely and teaches them good work habits still the students’ employment has negative effect in themselves. It was found that as a result of the students’ working, they usually come their classes unprepared due to the pressure of their part time work. Some teachers even said that students’ part time job is not advisable because this greatly affects their academic performance. While it is true that Hammond’s findings don not agree to the fact that the working of high school students are detrimental to their academic performance, yet in reality they are greatly left behind from their counterparts or classmates. This study according to Hammond was conducted among schools in middle class community in the state of Oklahoma although similar results may not be true elsewhere. In some educational institutions in all parts of the Midwestern part of the United States many high school students enjoy working, meeting people, earning their own money and being part of the adult world gave them much satisfaction on their jobs. The above study dealt on the working high school students and the present study also dealt on the high school working students in Barangay high schools in Nueva Ecija. These students are not employed but they just work to earn a little amount to be added to what their parents are giving them.
FOREIGN
A study by Singh K. and Ozterk M., reported that students who worked part-time tended to modify their course selections. Part-time work intensity (or the number of the hours worked) has a significant negative effect on the number of mathematic courses that these students took. The more hours those students worked the less mathematics. Similarly, part-time work intensity had a negative effect on science course work, the higher the work intensity, the fewer science course students took. In an internet article, a study made by Jonathan M. Orszag, (2001) entitled “Learning and Earning: Working in College”, result revealed that the effect of working while in college vary by the type of job held (e.g. full-time vs. part-time work) and its relation to the academic environment (e.g. an on-campus vs. off-campus job). Part-time student-employment may have beneficial effects: for example an on-campus research position may spark a student’s interest in further academic programs or provide important experience that will improve future labor market projects. Working part-time as a student generally appears to supplant only non-productive activities such as watching television. In addition, students who work fewer than 10 hours per week have slightly higher GPAs than other similar students. However, full time employment may impair student performance. For example, 55% of those student working 35 or more per week report that work has a negative effect on their studies. Students working full time also reported following liabilities; 40% report that work limits their class schedule; 36% report it reduces their choice. 30% report it limits the numbers of classes they take; and 26% report it limits time access to library. Gerald Oettinger found out the students of high aptitude were likely to hold regular jobs that required few hour each work. But school-year employment tended to comportment the overall academic performance. The large adverse effect was among minority students especially those who went from not working to working more than 20 hours a week in most or all weeks of the school year. These students’ averages declined about 0.22 grade points in one year. Conversely, Oettinger found that summer employment, unlike employment during school year, has no adverse impact on GPA (Grades Performances Academic).
Robert Coupe, stated that young people in Australia often consider their entry in work force as a right of achieving adult status. Young people who engaged in a field of work consider themselves as independent by owning other home and other material goods or extending help for their families.
While Abe Arkoff, says that “much of our adult liner are spent at working, student working because they must and they want in order to earn a living, fulfill themselves and become busy.”
On the survey conducted by Ohio State University, which was administered to baccalaureate graduates batch 1995-96, one of the highlights finding includes the reasons why student work which are as follows. Worked to have extra money(cell phone, laptops, etc), worked to pay for their education(tuition, books), worked to pay for living expenses (rent, food), worked for both education and living expenses, work for the expenses and to add to their resume work doing in internship, need a work-study, position and working for other reason(self-fulfillment, etc.). In an extensive study what causes students to drop out of college, Vincent Tinto summarize the conventional wisdom on in – college employment. Although employment generally harms persistence rare the effects depends on hours of work and degree to which employment removes the student from the campus community. For example, Tinto finds that full time employment is “clearly more harmful” than part time and off campus work is more detrimental than on campus work. But he also finds that some employment can be beneficial. On campus, part time work was found to improve a student’s probability of graduating - - possibility because such a job helps a students to integrate socially and intellectually into the campus community. Tinto concluded that such positive integrative experiences, especially those that bring students and faculty into contact outside of the classroom. It can play a crucial role in retaining students. Survey evidence lends further support to the nation that working maybe an important cause of dropping out. When college drop outs were asked to cite their main reasons for dropping out, 20.8 % reported part time employment as a reason and 11. 5 % reported full time employment. The study also finds that students who work continuously take somewhat longer to graduate those non-workers: student workers took an average of 9.2 semesters at least one non – non working semester. In additional, to its effects on drop – out rates, working while in school may affect academic performance. When students are assed what effect working has their studies, the most common responses is “no effect”. Not surprisingly, correlated with the average number of hours they working in a week. Over 80 percent of those working few hours reports no negative effect on their school work. By contrast, 55 percent of those working 35 hours of more per week reported a negative impact. Work is becoming increasingly common among college students. Research suggests that such work may not be harmful, and may even be helpful for undergraduates if it is limited. For example, part time on campus work appears to have no negative effects on students enrollment raises or GPAs and it may even have a positive effect. Students similarly generally perceive that limited work does not have a negative effect on their academics.
The study of Maurice Taylor stated that working is a means by which people not only acquire money to purchase food and services, but it also a means by which people express themselves working becomes a way of making a contribution to the Gross National Product of any country. As a means, a work could be a way on how most people acquire fame, social status, and social acceptance which implies total recognition of the factors.
Jame Kalat, in her study, presented measures that can improve the quality of life among working students. She gave priority to the training of students in the school on values related to economic development. She suggested that training programs can be jointly planned and implemented in the school linkage within the community.
RELEVANCE OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The review of literature provided the background and context for this paper. It shared to the reader the result of other studies.
The relevance of study presented above suggests many facts that we certainly do not take care of. Working while studying is very hard. The toll of being nearly in full fatigue is just one of their agonies. Only their mind is left clear so that they would pursue. The price of having a college degree is being expected.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics: Student employment has the potential to be a significant developmental experiences, providing extra curricular setting in which to promote learning after class, enabling students to grow as leaders, develop a positive career paths, balance courses, work and personal life.
CHAPTER III
METHODS OF RESEARCH
This chapter deals with the method of research used and research activities done by the researchers highlighting the task of gathering raw data and information and other ways for us to know the true value of the methods segment. The technical aspect of data mining and collecting followed through a series of instruments used in the research.
Surveys
The researchers utilized this technique by providing questionnaires to our subjects. The working students from STI College Munoz were our main target parameter of interest in this research paper to get their impression, sentiments and strategies as working students.
Data Mining
We also utilized this process to passively look for data from already designated data platform by obtaining graphs, tabulations and illustrations among the research domains like libraries and the internet. Copies of already published data were obtained by us for our analysis.
Interviews
This is one good approach that we have done to immediately tabulate the data values of answers coming from our subjects. It required great time and effort from us in completing such data gathering process but we were assured that our values were correct and accurate.
RESEARCH DESIGN This study mainly focused on the profile of the respondents, work profile, time management and the problems that affect the studies of STI COLLEGE Muñoz – EDSA’s students. The researchers used the descriptive method to achieve the purpose of the study. As a descriptive study, it described, analyzed and interpreted the condition encountered by the working students specifically on their problems as they continue to achieve their degree. Moreover, a descriptive study is a kind of research consisted of fact-finding with adequate interpretation of fact discovered the descriptive method was applied in this research for the description and interpretation on the problems of working students of STI COLLEGE Muñoz - EDSA. According to Manuel and Medel, descriptive research involves description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition e the process of phenomenon. This focus is on the prevailing condition, or how a person, group or a thing behaves or function in the presents. In addition, Aquino stated that the descriptive method is something more and beyond just data gathering; the latter is neither reflective thinking nor research. The true meaning of data collected should be reported from the point of view of the objectives and the basic assumption of the project underway. This follows logically after careful classification of data.
SAMPLE The study surveyed about 30 working students that is currently enrolled in STI COLLEGE Muñoz – EDSA. These working students have been chosen using simple random to represent the whole population of the working students in the said college as a part if the sample. The respondents were a mixture of male and female depending on the results of the random sampling.
INSTRUMENTS
The researchers used a questionnaire checklist to gather their data. They formulated the questionnaire with structured and unstructured questions.
The questionnaire includes the profiles, the work, the family, nature of work, time management and school performance.
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME:
SCHOOL ASSIGNED: STI COLLEGE – Muñoz Edsa
DIRECTION: PLEASE PUT A TICK (✔) MARK ON THE BOX PROVIDED BEFORE THE ITEM IF IT IS APPLICABLE TO YOU.
A. PROFILE
1. GENDER
☐ MALE ☐ FEMALE
2. AGE RANGE
☐ 17 YEARS OLD – BELOW
☐ 18 – 19 YEARS OLD
☐ 20 – 21 YEARS OLD
☐ 22 YEARS OLD – ABOVE
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF THE FAMILY
☐ BOTH PARENTS ARE EMPLOYED
☐ OTHER MEMBER/S OF THE FAMILY ARE EMPLOYED
☐ FATHER IS WORKING AND MOTHER IS AT HOME ONLY
☐ OTHERS, PLS. SPECIFY ____________
4. SIZE OF THE FAMILY IN TERMS OF FAMILY MEMBERS
☐ 3 ☐ 5
☐ 4 ☐ 6 – ABOVE
5. FAMILY INCOME (MONTHLY)
☐ PHP 10,000 – BELOW
☐ PHP 15, 000 – PHP 18,000
☐ PHP 19,000- PHP 22,000
☐ PHP 22, 000 – ABOVE
6. YEAR LEVEL
☐ FIRST YEAR ☐ THIRD YEAR
☐ SECOND YEAR ☐ FOURTH YEAR
7. WHAT IS YOUR CLASS SCHEDULE?
☐ MORNING ☐ NIGHT
☐ AFTERNOON ☐ IRREGULAR
B. WORK
8. TYPE/S OF YOUR WORK?
______________________________
9. WHERE ARE YOU WORKING?
☐ FAST FOOD
☐ OFFICE
☐ HOUSE
☐ OTHERS, PLS. SPECIFY ____________
10. HOW MANY HOURS ARE YOU WORKING?
☐ 4 - 6 HOURS ☐ 7 - 9 HOURS
☐ 10 HOURS – ABOVE ☐ COMM BASED
11. WHERE DO YOU SPEND YOUR SALARY?
☐ TUITION FEE, SCHOOL EXPENSES
☐PAY BILLS (ELECTRIC BILL, WATER BILL, ETC.)
☐ALLOWANCE, EXTRA MONEY
☐ OTHERS, PLS. SPECIFY ____________
C. TIME MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS
12. DO YOU FIND IT HARD TO BALANCE YOUR STUDIES AND WORK?
☐ YES ☐ NO
13. ARE YOU ABLE TO MANAGE YOUR SCHEDULE EFFECTIVELY?
☐ YES ☐ NO
14. DO YOU MAKE GOOD USE OF YOUR AVAILABLE TIME?
☐ YES ☐ NO
15. WORKING AND STUDYING AT THE SAME TIME, IS IT A GOOD IDEA?
☐ YES, WHY? ________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________
☐ NO, WHY?_________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________
D. PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT STUDIES
16. DO YOU USUALLY MISS SEVERAL IMPORTANT LESSONS?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
17. YOU CAN HARDLY BUY BOOKS AND OTHER THINGS NEEDED IN SCHOOL?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
18. YOU CAN HARLDY PARTICIPATE ACTIVELY IN RECITATION IN ANY SUBJECTS?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
19. YOUR ACADEMIC EFFICIENCY IS GREATLY AFFECTED?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
20. ARE YOU HAVING DIFFICULTY IN COMPLETING YOUR SCHOOL WORK BECAUSE YOU ARE BUSY WITH YOUR WORK?
☐ OFTEN ☐ SOMETIMES ☐ NEVER
TALLY SHEET OF THE SURVEY PROFILE
1. GENDER
MALE 14
FEMALE 16
2. AGE RANGE
17 YEARS OLD – BELOW 1
18 – 19 YEARS OLD 2
20 – 21 YEARS OLD 10
22 YEARS OLD – ABOVE 10
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF THE FAMILY
BOTH PARENTS ARE EMPLOYED 8
OTHER MEMBER/S OF THE FAMILY ARE EMPLOYED 9
FATHER IS WORKING AND MOTHER IS AT HOME ONLY 10
OTHERS 3
4. SIZE OF THE FAMILY IN TERMS OF FAMILY MEMBERS
3 3
4 3
5 12
6 – ABOVE 12
5. FAMILY INCOME
PHP 10,000 – BELOW 14
PHP 15, 000 – PHP 18,000 7
PHP 19,000- PHP 22,000 6
PHP 22, 000 – ABOVE 2
6. YEAR LEVEL
FIRST YEAR 18
SECOND YEAR 9
THIRD YEAR 4
FOURTH YEAR 0
7. CLASS SCHEDULE
MORNING 17
AFTERNOON 1
NIGHT 7
IRREGULAR 5
B. WORK
8. TYPE OF WORK
SALESMAN 2
CONSTRUCTION 1
HOUSEHELPER 2
SERVICE CREW 11
STUDENT ASSISTANT 7
OTHERS 7
9. LOCATION OF WORK
FAST FOOD 11
OFFICE 6
HOUSE 3
SCHOOL 5
OTHERS 5
10. HOURS WORKING
4-6 HOURS 15
7-9 HOURS 11
10-ABOVE 4
COMMISSION BASED 0
C. TIME MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS YES NO
12. DO YOU FIND IF HARD TO BALANCE YOUR AVAILABLE TIME? 25 5
13. ARE YOU ABLE TO MANAGE YOUR SCHEDULE EFFECTIVELY? 25 5
14. DO YOU MAKE GOOD USE OF YOUR AVAIBLE TIME? 28 2
15. WORKING AND STUDYING AT THE SAME TIME, IS IT A GOOD IDEA? 27 3
C. PROBLEM THAT AFFECT STUDIES OFTEN SOMETIMES NEVER
16. DO YOU USSUALLY MISS SEVERAL IMPORTANT LESSONS? 6 20 4
17. YOU CAN HARDLY BUY BOOKS AND OTHER THINGS NEEDED IN SCHOOL? 5 14 11
18. YOU CAN HARDLY PARTICIPATE ACTIVELY IN RECITATION IN ANY SUBJECT? 4 21 5
19. YOUR ACADEMIC EFFICIENCY IS GREATLY AFFECTED? 1 25 4
20. ARE YOU HAVING DIFFICULTY IN COMPLETING YOUR SCOOL WORK BECAUSE YOU ARE BUSY WITH YOUR WORK? 5 23 2
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter shows the presentation of answers to the research questions that were asked. It also explains what themes emerged as findings from the research interviews CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter reminds the reader why the research on the working students of STI College Munoz was conducted. It tells the reader the significance of what was found out whether it match or contradict what was found in the literature review. The conclusion section tells the outcome of the project and summarizes what was researched, how the project was designed, what was found, and what meaning can be made of the research. The recommendations are helpful suggestions gleaned from the thesis and provide future researchers with options to continue study on the thesis topic.
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKShate Arkoff, Abe and S. Jurick (1993). Psychology and Personal Growth Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.u Coupe, Robert (1996), “Issues of Today: Unemployment” Australia; Hornitz Grahame Books, 1986. JOURNALS/ARTICLES Oettinger, Gerald (1999). Does High School Employment Affect High School Academic Performance? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 53(1), 136 – 151. Singh K. and M, Ozterk (2000). Effect of part-time work on High School Mathematics and some Course Training. Journal of Educational Research, 91(2), 67-64. Analiza Buendia; Migrant women workers, Philippine Daily Inquirer, October 15 1994 Leonila Anastacio; How Filipino Domestics are treated abroad? Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 10, 1991 W.A. Hammond; Part-time students’ Employment in the United States, A positive review magazine NSSP Bulletin, 1987
UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Zenaida F. Caintic; A study of the student’s Assistants Program of University Libraries in the Visayas in 1987-1988, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 1972
INTERNET ARTICLES Being a Working Student; Clawid; http://clawid.i.ph/blogs/clawid/2008/10/02/being-a-working-student/ February 15, 2010 A Working Student’s Life; Sandra Cooke, Mandy Lorraine; September 1998; http://www.equisearch.com/education/workingstudent_091003/; February 16, 2010 Working in College; Jonathan M. Orszag; August 2001; http://www.brockport.edu/career01/upromise.htm; February 14, 2010
Students stress work and study; Megan Reinsch; 11/9/07; http://media.www.longviewcurrent.com/media/storage/paper359/news/2007/11/09/Campus/Students.Stress.Work.And.Study-3094970.shtml; February 17, 2010 Working College Students: Two Conflicting Studies; Jay; July 2009; http://community.nmsu.edu/success/?q=node/253; February 16, 2010
Bibliography: Coupe, Robert (1996), “Issues of Today: Unemployment” Australia; Hornitz Grahame Books, 1986. Oettinger, Gerald (1999). Does High School Employment Affect High School Academic Performance? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 53(1), 136 – 151. Singh K. and M, Ozterk (2000). Effect of part-time work on High School Mathematics and some Course Training. Journal of Educational Research, 91(2), 67-64. Analiza Buendia; Migrant women workers, Philippine Daily Inquirer, October 15 1994 Leonila Anastacio; How Filipino Domestics are treated abroad? Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 10, 1991 W.A. Hammond; Part-time students’ Employment in the United States, A positive review magazine NSSP Bulletin, 1987 UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Zenaida F. Caintic; A study of the student’s Assistants Program of University Libraries in the Visayas in 1987-1988, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 1972 INTERNET ARTICLES Working College Students: Two Conflicting Studies; Jay; July 2009; http://community.nmsu.edu/success/?q=node/253; February 16, 2010
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Working hours is the amount of time a person works for a paid job. An adequate amount of work timing that a person should manage such that he/she can maintain his/her standard of living and also not to have more working hours such that they can avoid the stress related problems. In most countries 9 to 5 is considered to be a fairly adequate hours to go to work such that they could have a healthy style of living. Shift working is also one of the concepts to have an appropriate arrangement of hours such that the organization could cover a large amount of the time of the day. If we have to have a 24 hour working in the organization we could divide the time in different slots and then assigning it to different staff members such that the working hours doesn’t increase also the time could be covered (Working Hours). Moreover, there are certain rules and the regulations followed by the national and the international level guiding the number of working hours per day. It is but obvious that the same employees can work for both the days as well as for the nights to provide the services. As, in the private sectors and mainly the production sectors of the privatized industries, there are the shift working schedules which maintains the continuous work throughout the day. There are obviously certain disadvantages too related to the shift working too, but if compared and evaluated with the immense amount of the services and the comforts it could bring to the people of the university, there is the scope for this strategy to be in the food for our thoughts (The Uae 's Draft Labor Law, 2007).…
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The research showed that working students are significantly different than their fellow students. Working students are more punctual at school classes, have fewer unexcused school absences, and have higher Grade Point Averages (GPA). The hypothesis that working students will exhibit the same tardiness pattern at work as well as at school was strongly supported. That is, students who were punctual at school were also punctual at work while students who were tardy at school were also…
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It is well known that the student life can be quite enjoyable until the workload becomes high and…
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Thesis Statement: Time and Financial Management on selected Scholars of Adamson University can be said effective based on the results of their academic performance and curricular activities…
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those people who stand for the idea that students should not work part-time usually claim that students should save time for their lessons and exercises rather than work part-time. Furthermore, they need to maintain a good health for their study, and it may risk their life while working in an insecure environment. Though they make a point in their argument, it turns out to be more convincing that the benefits students get when doing part-time job outweigh the risks. First of all, it is commonly believed that students can get more practical experiences for their future business. In fact, formal training only provides students with a basic background. In this case, it is no doubt that working part-time seems to be more helpful as it helps students learn more about responsibilities as well as real business…
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