Theoretical Frameworks: Geography, Geopolitics, Influence The Defense Strategy

1.6. Theoretical Framework

1.6.1. Geographic, Geopolitics and Geostrategic
This theory provide understanding of how of each term, geographic, geopolitics, and geostrategic are interrelated each other. The writer wanted to lead the reader thinks that at the end, geography influence geopolitics and geostrategic. Strait of Malacca and Indonesian geographic influence the defense strategy that practice by Indonesian Navy (TNI AL).
a. Understanding Geographic
As the time goes by the modern history of the discipline have particular perspective on geographic and was emphasis as a description and synthesis of the physical and social aspects of a region later in the middle of the twentieth century. Some scholars sees geographic as a mathematical understanding
In the journal, Kissinger diffuse geopolitics as an attempt to draw attention to the importance of certain geographical patterns in political history, said it is a theory of spatial relationship and historical background.
Geopolitical contribute to show how the relationship between geopolitics, geography and strategy requires a continuing exchange between history, theory and practice. Geopolitical is emphasize the implication of power exercise not only in human but also natural resources, where parties are interacting each other over location, space, and distance – geography.
Figure 3. The consequences of this geopolitical is clash of interest – dynamic of constellation in system relations – and then politic and military projections. This circle of consequences win by the one who survive.
The founder of modern geopolitical theory, Sir Halford Mackinder, written in 1890 he claimed that politic is the product of two sets of forces, impelling and guiding. He believes that people’s character and tradition was drive from the history and the movement guided by economic desire and geographical opportunities. Therefore, the success and fail of diplomat was determine by this appealing power of these two set
Each states has their own territory/border and clear set of their national interest, as it is vital and fundamental to statehood where states are never willing to give up on their claimed territory. Otherwise, physical geography is essential influence on development in particular inter-state relations. This is one of the main concern of political geography (geopolitics), the detailed and main part of analysis over geography conflict determined the strategy to pursuit these interests. Most of the time, the issue of geography is the border and territory.
Then, geography provide the physical context of environment between particular states. Simultaneously, geography and geopolitics create relationship between states. The strategy remain as the measurement of good and bad relationship. If two countries have the same interest and collaborate the work to achieve the goals, they could be alliance. Otherwise, the one who might oppose the strategic of others could possibly result on conflict.
Finally yet importantly, geography provides the theatre of military action as its deployment and the implementation states’ military strategy. As the “mother of strategy” , geography lead to implement the strategy as well as policy makers seeking to maximize the interest of their perspective