THE PROBLEM
Introduction
The newborn is a miracle of nature, the results of forty week of never to be equaled growth and development (Hamilton, 1998). Inside the uterus, the fetus grows into a tiny being capable of survival through the help of the mother. The fetus is fully dependent on the mother’s circulation for oxygen supply and nutrients through the umbilical cord. It is inside the womb that the body receives warmth and protection from the dangers of the outside world. Birth, according to Maslow (1998), is associated with most drastic changes that ever befall a human being. In extra uterine life, all functions of the body undergo a radical change and a sudden adjustment has to be made from a dark, warm fluid-filled environment to a strange world before him. After birth, the infant must learn to do the vital function by his own. More so, learn to initiate other processes that the human body performs. It is in this stage that a process of moving from total dependence to independence begins. However, the child will continue to rely on others for immediate care, physical health, psychological growth, mental stimuli and emotional support. The infant will be able to function effectively provided that he receives the utmost care from the caregivers around him. If the infant is to survive the neonatal period, three conditions are necessary: that he be in good physical condition, that he experiences a safe delivery and that he then receives good care (Marlow, 1998).it is the nurse's responsibility, as an essential caregiver to provide the infant with care, attend to his needs, maintain. And promote health by Preventing infection and complications.
Backround of the Study
Care of the umbilical cord is one important by the newborn to survive neonatal period. The umbilical stump is an open wound (Smith,et al 1997) which may serve as a possible. portal of entry for microorganisms, most especially Clostridium Tetani, which accounts for 224 cases of Tetanus