Explain each of the terms:
1.1a - speech
Speech is essentially vocalised language. It is usually learnt before the written form of the language. In speech the symbols are not written or signed, but spoken as sounds. The number of sounds that children need to master will depend on the language that they are being exposed to. English has over 40 different sounds or phonemes
1.1b - language
Language is something very specific. It is a set of symbols – spoken, written or signed – that can be used and understood between people. Language can be quite abstract.
Linguists also suggest that the main feature of a language is a series of rules that everyone has to understand and use, but once mastered allows a user to convey anything they wish. At first a child cannot use the rules. Toddlers begin by just pointing at objects and saying on word, but after a while they learn how to construct sentences.
1.1c - communication
Communication is about the way that people send signals to each other. Communication can be seen as an umbrella term because it encompasses both language and speech and also includes facial expressions, gestures and body language.
1.1d - speech, language and communication needs.
This is the term used to refer to any difficulty that a child has in any of the three areas; for example a child might have a difficulty in producing certain sounds and so have a difficulty with speech, while a child who does not make eye contact or enjoy being with others may have a more global communication need.
Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children’s development:
1.2a - learning
There are many debates as to what is learning, but for our purpose we will limit this to children’s overall cognition. The term cognition covers a multitude of different tasks, but is mainly about our ability to process and use information that we have gained. For example a child might see that