Unit 18 P4
P4 interpret underpinning concepts relating to structures under load
• Dead loads - Dead loads are loads that stay static or stationary, they will also not change during any normal operation of the buildings use. The dead weight from the structure will be a dead load, so for example the self-weight of a beam.
• Imposed/live loads – imposed loads can also be known by dynamic loads. Imposed loads are live loadings which can be added to and also removed during the life of the building. Humans can be a good example of a imposed load; for example if you fill a football ground with humans you will be increasing the live loading on the floors. Another example could be a water tank as they vary on their weights.
• Wind loads – you can classify a wind …show more content…
load as a live load because as with snow and rain they can to exert a live load on a structure.
• Point load – when talking about a point load this is a specific point of a structural member. They are also known as a concentrated load the best example of this would be a hammer hitting a nail into a beam.
• Uniformly distributed loads – these can be placed along a structure such as a beam. Uniformly distributed loads can also be part of live loads of a structure. The best way to describe this is when building a house, they make every area of the house able to hold the same amount of load so either from furniture or people.
• Concurrent forces and none concurrent forces – concurrent are two or more forces that join at a common point of intersection. This means they pull away from a common point or point towards it.
• Coplanar forces – these forces exert their force in one plane. Thus the forces are parallel to the plane and their points of application are in the plane.
• Beams – when a beam is supported at both of its ends the beam tends to sag in the middle. Beams tend to span between the supporting walls. When spanning the beam has to forces working on it this is tension and compression. Beams can be deeper in a cross section than what columns are.
• Columns – columns are pretty much a vertical beam as they have the same ‘I’ section.
Furthermore, they tend to be squarer when in a cross section than beams. Columns in most cases carry a vertical load downwards to which is usually a supporting foundation and are connected to the beams by either a weld or bolts.
• Strut tie – every structure will have forces acting upon them. Sir Isaac newton laws state that there must always be an equal and opposite reaction to every action. This is where the strut works because it provides a compressive force that pushes against the weight of the structure.
• Truss – in engineering a truss consists of two force members only. They typically have five or more triangular units which have a straight member whose ends are connected at joints these can be known as nodes.
• Walls – these could be classed as load bearing or a none load bearing infill panels. When a wall is load bearing they are deemed structural elements as they carry a structural force down to the foundations. When building a load bearing wall they must be made to withstand great structural force this can be done with denser materials. None load bearing walls are none load bearing as the name suggests so they do not have no structural importance. They are usually walls like stud walls for
example.
P5 – STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND HOW THEY ARE LOADED:
Structural Member Description of how it is loaded Image
Beam when a beam is supported at both of its ends the beam tends to sag in the middle. Beams tend to span between the supporting walls. When spanning the beam has to forces working on it this is tension and compression. Beams can be deeper in a cross section than what columns are.
Columns columns are pretty much a vertical beam as they have the same ‘I’ section. Furthermore, they tend to be squarer when in a cross section than beams. Columns in most cases carry a vertical load downwards to which is usually a supporting foundation and are connected to the beams by either a weld or bolts.
Strut and Tie the strut works because it provides a compressive force that pushes against the weight of the structure. Ties carry tensile forces as they are stretched and anchor structures to the ground against wind forces.
• Dead loads - Dead loads are loads that stay static or stationary, they will also not change during any normal operation of the buildings use. The dead weight from the structure will be a dead load, so for example the self-weight of a beam.
• Imposed/live loads – imposed loads can also be known by dynamic loads. Imposed loads are live loadings which can be added to and also removed during the life of the building. Humans can be a good example of a imposed load; for example if you fill a football ground with humans you will be increasing the live loading on the floors. Another example could be a water tank as they vary on their weights.
• Wind loads – you can classify a wind …show more content…
load as a live load because as with snow and rain they can to exert a live load on a structure.
• Point load – when talking about a point load this is a specific point of a structural member. They are also known as a concentrated load the best example of this would be a hammer hitting a nail into a beam.
• Uniformly distributed loads – these can be placed along a structure such as a beam. Uniformly distributed loads can also be part of live loads of a structure. The best way to describe this is when building a house, they make every area of the house able to hold the same amount of load so either from furniture or people.
• Concurrent forces and none concurrent forces – concurrent are two or more forces that join at a common point of intersection. This means they pull away from a common point or point towards it.
• Coplanar forces – these forces exert their force in one plane. Thus the forces are parallel to the plane and their points of application are in the plane.
• Beams – when a beam is supported at both of its ends the beam tends to sag in the middle. Beams tend to span between the supporting walls. When spanning the beam has to forces working on it this is tension and compression. Beams can be deeper in a cross section than what columns are.
• Columns – columns are pretty much a vertical beam as they have the same ‘I’ section.
Furthermore, they tend to be squarer when in a cross section than beams. Columns in most cases carry a vertical load downwards to which is usually a supporting foundation and are connected to the beams by either a weld or bolts.
• Strut tie – every structure will have forces acting upon them. Sir Isaac newton laws state that there must always be an equal and opposite reaction to every action. This is where the strut works because it provides a compressive force that pushes against the weight of the structure.
• Truss – in engineering a truss consists of two force members only. They typically have five or more triangular units which have a straight member whose ends are connected at joints these can be known as nodes.
• Walls – these could be classed as load bearing or a none load bearing infill panels. When a wall is load bearing they are deemed structural elements as they carry a structural force down to the foundations. When building a load bearing wall they must be made to withstand great structural force this can be done with denser materials. None load bearing walls are none load bearing as the name suggests so they do not have no structural importance. They are usually walls like stud walls for
example.
P5 – STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND HOW THEY ARE LOADED:
Structural Member Description of how it is loaded Image
Beam when a beam is supported at both of its ends the beam tends to sag in the middle. Beams tend to span between the supporting walls. When spanning the beam has to forces working on it this is tension and compression. Beams can be deeper in a cross section than what columns are.
Columns columns are pretty much a vertical beam as they have the same ‘I’ section. Furthermore, they tend to be squarer when in a cross section than beams. Columns in most cases carry a vertical load downwards to which is usually a supporting foundation and are connected to the beams by either a weld or bolts.
Strut and Tie the strut works because it provides a compressive force that pushes against the weight of the structure. Ties carry tensile forces as they are stretched and anchor structures to the ground against wind forces.