To grow the bacterial culture, use 10 ml of liquid LB growth media for incubation. 500 ml of the bacterial culture is allowed to grow overnight at 37°C. It is later shaken vigorously to increase the OD600 to 0.5, which means that time equals zero. At time zero, 1 mL of the culture is transferred into a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube and centrifuged for 5-10 minutes to obtain a pellet. The supernatant should be discarded. The centrifuge with the bacterial pellet is labeled “G0” and stored at -20°C. The culture is induced with 1 Mm of IPTG and allowed to keep growing. After 3 hours past induction, 1 mL of the culture is pelleted into a different 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, and the bacterial pellet is labeled “G3.” The centrifuge with G0 bacterial strain needs 15 mL of the strain to be collected and to be pelleted into the centrifuge tube. The last pellet is labeled “G3-15 mL.” Finally, both the G3 and G3-15 mL are to be stored at -20°C.…
Fermentation is the chemical process converting sugar to gases and occurs in yeast and bacteria. In the experiment we conducted, we used sucrose and yeast and measured the fermentation carbon dioxide formation. The factors affecting fermentation that we tested in this experiment were temperature and the effect of a disinfectant. We measured the fermentation carbon dioxide formation by using a ruler and measuring the amount of bubbles in the tube that were formed.…
An unknown bacterium was handed out by Dr. Honer. The appropriate tests were prepared and applied. The first procedure that was done was the gram stain. Under a microscope, if the gram stain is purple, the bacterium is gram positive, if the stain is red, it is gram negative. The next test was the fermentation tests for glucose, sucrose and lactose. If an organism is able to ferment the carbohydrate, there will be acid produced, which will turn the broth yellow. Homofermentation shows that only one product was produced-acid. Other organisms will carry out heterofermentation, the presence of acid and gas. If the organism is unable to ferment the sugar in the tube, there will be no change in the orange/red color of the broth and will be considered alkaline. The following tests that I performed were tests for methyl red and vogues proskauer in SIM media. A positive methyl red test indicates a mixed acid fermentation and would turn the organism’s broth red, if no color presents, it is negative. A positive vogues proskauer test indicates fermentation to neutral products and will turn the broth red, if no color presents, it is also negative. Stab inoculating the SIM media for these tests will also show if the organism produces sulfur or indole and if it is motile. If sulfur is present, then the medium will be black, if it produces indole, the medium will be red, and if it is motile, there will be growth throughout the tube. I also grew the organism on MacConkey agar. After inoculation, visible colonies may or may not be present.…
Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction, orange should be considered negative. Lactose Bacterial fermentation of lactose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color of the Indicator present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Arabinose Bacterial fermentation of arabinose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Sorbitol Bacterial fermentation of sorbitol, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Voges-Proskauer Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) is an intermediate in the production of butylene glycol from glucose fermentation. The presence of acetoin is indicated by the development of a red color within 20 minutes. Most positive reactions are evident within 10 minutes. Phenylalanine Deaminase This test detects the formation of pyruvic acid from the deamination of phenylalanine. The pyruvic acid formed reacts with a ferric salt in the medium to produce a characteristic black to smoky gray color. Urea The production of urease by some bacteria hydrolyzes urea in this medium to produce ammonia, which causes a shift in pH from yellow (acidic) to reddish-purple (alkaline). This test is strongly positive for Proteus in 6 hours and weakly positive for Klebsiella and some Enterobaeter species in 24…
Part A: To investigate whether yeast has the ability to ferment glucose to produce carbon dioxide gas and ethanol.…
In the first lab, seven test tubes were attained and six of them were filled with the solutions that were listed (Na Pyruvate, MgSO4, NaF, Glucose, Water, and yeast suspension). The last test tube was filled with water. After they were filled with the solutions they were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for about forty minutes. After the forty minutes passed take the test tubes and measure the height of the bubbles that formed in millimeters.…
The abiotic factor being tested here is what effect the temperature of the yeast’s environment has on its ability or inability to reproduce efficiently. The lab tests the yeast in three separate temperature settings: a cold temperature (4ᵒC), room temperature (22ᵒC), and a hot temperature (30ᵒC). Here, the independent variable is the temperature of the yeast habitat and the dependent variable is the amount (in mL) of CO2 gas produced by the yeast.…
The two types of fermentation that are well known are alcoholic fermentation as well as lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is vital for many organisms, such as yeast and bacteria, because it allows them to obtain energy required to carry on life processes. Alcoholic fermentation is especially important for human beings, as it is used to produce alcoholic beverages, bread, and many other everyday items that are consumed (Alba-Lois, 2010). On the other hand, lactic acid is a waste product of certain bacteria (Lactobacillales), which is utilized to create many dairy products such as yogurt and cheese. In addition, humans can resort to lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is limited, so it is used as an extra source to obtain oxygen. In our experiment we will be using yeast, a single-celled organism that utilizes sugar as a food source, and it produces energy substances through the breakdown of sugar molecules. Specifically, the type of sugar as a source of food, impacts the speed of fermentation in yeast. In this lab, we will calculate the rate of fermentation in yeast with different solutions of sugar, such as sucrose, fructose, and lactose with glucose being the control. It is important to humans that the yeast uses the best sugar source during fermentation, as it creates important everyday items we consume like bread, alcohol, and…
First, carbohydrate fermentation was tested in various sugar solutions (glucose, sucrose, arabinose, mannitol, lactose, and galactose) for the unknown. Cells were taken from culture and inoculated into vials filled with a phenol red sugar solution and a filled Durham tube which was turned upside down. The cells were left to grow overnight and observed the next day for color changes and bubble production which gave positive results for carbohydrate fermentation. The next test was a Methyl Red-Vogues Proskauer (MR-VP broth) test for which a sample of the unknown was inoculated into two separate tubes (one for the MR and one for the VP tube) and allowed to grow for at least 24 hours. Next the MR tube was given a methyl red reagent and mixed to observe a color change to bright red.…
Yeast is a very important group of fungi. The common yeast used in baking bread grows very fast. The basic idea in this lab is that the yeast will use an energy source and in doing so, will produce carbon dioxide gas. You’ll measure the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the growth of yeast. The growth of the yeast stops when the energy source has been used up by the yeast and CO2 production slows down or stops.…
In the batch reactor the concentration of glucose decreased from certain amount to o g/L within first 4 hours of the process. However, the fermentation cell yield coefficient could be improved by using fed batch reactor, in which the substrate (i.e., glucose) is added into the mixture at desired times. The level of dissolved oxygen (DO2) was also one of the major factors that affect the fermentation cell yield coefficient. The decrease in the amount of DO2 supplied prevents E. coli from continuing to increase exponentially. If DO2 was provided continuously it would prevent the cells from respiring anaerobically and producing acetic acid.…
Method: Label 10 fermentation tubes (1-10). Next measure 4mL of your desired sugar, 2mL of your desired enzyme, and 10mL of yeast (or water when needed in replace of yeast) and pour into a beaker and give it a swirl. Then pour the solution into the corresponding fermentation tube. Tip the tube until the closed arm is full of solution and place in the water bath. Record the amount of carbon dioxide produced every five minutes for twenty five minutes. (If the carbon dioxide amount is going beyond the calibration, record the position and reset.)…
In this experiment yeast ferment sugars anaerobically. When yeast ferments the sugars anaerobically, however, CO2 production will cause a change in the weight of the sugar/yeast-solution. This raises a further question: What is the effect of different kinds of sugars on the fermentation process of yeast? The fermentation process was followed at a constant temperature and four different types of sugars were used. By measuring the release of carbon dioxide, we could see what type of sugar had the biggest effect on the fermentation process of yeast, which resulted in Sacharose.…
Water is not fermented.” The outcome of my experiment did not support my hypothesis. The results showed glucose did ferment the easiest, but it was followed by sucrose as opposed to fructose, fructose was after sucrose then the starch. Luckily, my test control did work as expected. This experiment proved that yeast depends on glucose as its’ main source of energy. This happens when glucose is reduced to pyruvate which leads to the fermentation of carbon dioxide and ethanol.…
To determine the amount of anti-microbial peptide production by Staphylococcus warneri under various conditions when 2L and 10L Fermented.…