Urinary Fluid And Electrolyte Balance Case Study
Case Study: Urinary, Fluid & Electrolyte balance
The cardiovascular system and the urinary system are intimately entwined. When the cardiovascular system experiences stress, the urinary system can be directly impacted. For example in hemorrhagic shock, when the body is rapidly depleted of circulating blood volume, the kidneys are often one of the first vital organs affected due to lack of perfusion. The kidneys are dependent on the sufficient cardiac output that the heart delivers. So when the heart is not functioning properly, the kidneys cannot do not perform their functions correctly and cause harm to the rest of the body.
In the case study the patient is hospitalized with congestive heart failure and due to the seriousness of his condition …show more content…
The PCT has the most reabsorbing capacity, removing all the glucose, lactate and amino acids from the filtrate. Also reabsorbed is 65% of the sodium, 65% of the water, 90% of the bicarbonate, 50% of the chloride, and 55% of the potassium back into the peritubular capillary. The loop of Henle exhibits two types of epithelium in its descending and ascending limbs, so its reabsorptive capability is different in each. In the descending limb, water leaves freely and is not coupled with solute movement, but it cannot in the ascending limb. Also reabsorbed in the loop is 25% of the sodium, 10% of the water, 35% of the chloride and 30% of the potassium, but potassium is reabsorbed in the ascending limb and secreted in the descending limb. By the time the filtrate arrives at the DCT, there is only 10% of the sodium chloride and 25% of the water left. The reabsorption in the DCT and collecting duct depends on the needs of the body Water will be reabsorbed in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and sodium will be reabsorbed if aldosterone has been released due to decreased blood volume, blood pressure, hyponatremia (low sodium), or hyperkalemia (low potassium). Aldosterone acts on the principal cells of the DCT and they open sodium channels on the on the luminal surface and create more sodium/potassium pumps on the basolateral surface. This allows sodium to be reabsorbed into the capillaries, as well as water, …show more content…
In heart failure the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, which is about 70L of blood per minute. Signs of heart failure are palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, sweating and tachycardia, some of these symptoms are distributed by our patient. When the heart is working properly the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Then once gas-exchange occurs oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary veins, into the left atrium then to the left
The cardiovascular system and the urinary system are intimately entwined. When the cardiovascular system experiences stress, the urinary system can be directly impacted. For example in hemorrhagic shock, when the body is rapidly depleted of circulating blood volume, the kidneys are often one of the first vital organs affected due to lack of perfusion. The kidneys are dependent on the sufficient cardiac output that the heart delivers. So when the heart is not functioning properly, the kidneys cannot do not perform their functions correctly and cause harm to the rest of the body.
In the case study the patient is hospitalized with congestive heart failure and due to the seriousness of his condition …show more content…
The PCT has the most reabsorbing capacity, removing all the glucose, lactate and amino acids from the filtrate. Also reabsorbed is 65% of the sodium, 65% of the water, 90% of the bicarbonate, 50% of the chloride, and 55% of the potassium back into the peritubular capillary. The loop of Henle exhibits two types of epithelium in its descending and ascending limbs, so its reabsorptive capability is different in each. In the descending limb, water leaves freely and is not coupled with solute movement, but it cannot in the ascending limb. Also reabsorbed in the loop is 25% of the sodium, 10% of the water, 35% of the chloride and 30% of the potassium, but potassium is reabsorbed in the ascending limb and secreted in the descending limb. By the time the filtrate arrives at the DCT, there is only 10% of the sodium chloride and 25% of the water left. The reabsorption in the DCT and collecting duct depends on the needs of the body Water will be reabsorbed in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and sodium will be reabsorbed if aldosterone has been released due to decreased blood volume, blood pressure, hyponatremia (low sodium), or hyperkalemia (low potassium). Aldosterone acts on the principal cells of the DCT and they open sodium channels on the on the luminal surface and create more sodium/potassium pumps on the basolateral surface. This allows sodium to be reabsorbed into the capillaries, as well as water, …show more content…
In heart failure the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, which is about 70L of blood per minute. Signs of heart failure are palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, sweating and tachycardia, some of these symptoms are distributed by our patient. When the heart is working properly the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Then once gas-exchange occurs oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary veins, into the left atrium then to the left