Vapor Liquid Equilibrium
TITLE
Vapour Liquid Equilibrium
OBJECTIVE
To find the Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) relationship for binary mixture and to plot the equilibrium curve.
INTRODUCTION
The term equilibrium is referred to as when a system is in a static condition and there is absolutely no changes that occur as time goes by. Vapour-liquid equilibrium is a condition where a liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium with each other, a condition or state where the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation on a molecular level such that there is no overall vapour liquid inter-conversion (Smallwood, I. M ,1993).In theory equilibrium takes forever to reach, such an equilibrium is practically reached in a relatively closed location if a liquid and its vapour are allowed to stand in contact with each other long enough with no interference or only gradual interference from the outside (Smith, C. L ,2012).In this experiment, two liquid which have different volatilities are boiled to several temperature. The liquid which has higher volatility are then collected from liquid and vapour sampling ports to determine its refractive index respectively in order to obtain its compositions.Relative volatility ( α ) is a measure comparing the vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture of chemicals (Seader, J. D., Henley, E. J. & Roper, D. K., 2011). When the relative volatilities of both key components are equal, = 1 and separation would be impossible under the given conditions because the compositions of the liquid and the vapor phase are the same (azeotrope).As the value of increases above 1, separation becomes progressively easier.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Vapour –liquid equilibrium apparatus
Beaker
Dripper
Refractometer
3.2L of isopropyl-water mixture
Distilled water
Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium Apparatus
RESULT AND CALCULATION
Calibration Curve
Concentration of isopropanol
(%)
1st reading
(%)
2nd reading
(%)
3rd reading
(%)
Average
Vapour Liquid Equilibrium
OBJECTIVE
To find the Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) relationship for binary mixture and to plot the equilibrium curve.
INTRODUCTION
The term equilibrium is referred to as when a system is in a static condition and there is absolutely no changes that occur as time goes by. Vapour-liquid equilibrium is a condition where a liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium with each other, a condition or state where the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation on a molecular level such that there is no overall vapour liquid inter-conversion (Smallwood, I. M ,1993).In theory equilibrium takes forever to reach, such an equilibrium is practically reached in a relatively closed location if a liquid and its vapour are allowed to stand in contact with each other long enough with no interference or only gradual interference from the outside (Smith, C. L ,2012).In this experiment, two liquid which have different volatilities are boiled to several temperature. The liquid which has higher volatility are then collected from liquid and vapour sampling ports to determine its refractive index respectively in order to obtain its compositions.Relative volatility ( α ) is a measure comparing the vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture of chemicals (Seader, J. D., Henley, E. J. & Roper, D. K., 2011). When the relative volatilities of both key components are equal, = 1 and separation would be impossible under the given conditions because the compositions of the liquid and the vapor phase are the same (azeotrope).As the value of increases above 1, separation becomes progressively easier.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Vapour –liquid equilibrium apparatus
Beaker
Dripper
Refractometer
3.2L of isopropyl-water mixture
Distilled water
Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium Apparatus
RESULT AND CALCULATION
Calibration Curve
Concentration of isopropanol
(%)
1st reading
(%)
2nd reading
(%)
3rd reading
(%)
Average