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Velike Boginje Analysis

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Velike Boginje Analysis
Veleučilište Velika Gorica
Upravljanje u kriznim uvjetima

Seminarski rad
''Velike boginje''

Mentor: Marina Črnko, pred., struč.spec.ing.admin.chris.
Barbara Dumbović 77130143

Sadržaj
1. Uvod
1.1. Opis bolesti
2. Razrada teme
2.1. Simptomi i znaci
2.2. Obične
2.3. Modificirane
2.4. Maligne
2.5. Hemoragične
2.6. Uzročnik bolesti
2.7. Prijenos bolesti
2.8. Dijagnoza
2.9. Cijepljenje
3. Zaključak
4. Popis literature
5. Popis slika

1. Uvod
Boginje (poznate pod latinskim nazivom variola ili variola vera) su zarazna bolest svojstvena čovjeku koju izazivaju dvije inačice virusa variole zvane Variola vera major i Variola vera minor.
Variola vera major, poznatija kao velike ili crne boginje, je opasnija vrsta,
…show more content…
Najraniji fizički dokazi velikih boginja su tragovi osipa na mumificiranom tijelu faraona Ramzesa V., koji je umro 1157 godine prije naše ere. Za vrijeme 18. stoljeća bolest je ubijala 400 tisuća Europljana godišnje (uključujući i pet vladara) i bila je zaslužna za trećinu svih slučajeva sljepoće. Bolest je ubijala 20 - 60% svih zaraženih i preko 80% zaražene djece.
Velike boginje su usmrtile 300 - 500 milijuna ljudi samo u 20. stoljeću. U ranim 50-im godinama 20. stoljeća otprilike 50 milijuna slučajeva Variole prijavljeno je u cijelom svijetu svake godine. WHO pretpostavlja da je 1967. 15 milijuna ljudi dobilo boginje a da je 2 milijuna umrlo od posljedica bolesti. Nakon uspješno provedene vakcinacije u 19. i 20. stoljeću, WHO je proglasila da je bolest uspješno istrijebljena u prosincu 1979. Do danas, to je prva zarazna bolest ljudi koja je
…show more content…
Jednom udahnut, virus napada sluznice usta, grla ili pluća, putuje u limfne čvorove i umnožava se. Virus u početku putuje od stanice do stanice, ali oko 12. dana inficirane stanice pucaju i velika količina virusa prisutna je u krvotoku (ovo se naziva viremija). Drugi val umnažanja virusa zbiva se u slezene, koštanoj srži i limfnim čvorovima. Prvotni simptomi su slični ostalim virusnim bolestima poput gripe i obične prehlade; temperatura (barem 38. 5°C), bol u mišićima, slabost, glavolja, mučnina, povraćanje i bol u leđima. Ova pre-eruptivna faza traje 2 - 4 dana. 12 do 15 dana od izlaganja javljaju se prve lezije, crveni točkasti opsim na koži koji se naziva enantem, odnosno sluznični osip. Javlja se na sluznici, u ustima, jeziku, grlu i temperatura se vraća na normalnu. Ove lezije naglo rastu i pucaju, oslobađajući virus u slinu.
Virus variole napada stanice kože, pri čemu uzrokuje karakteristične bubuljice. Osip se razvije 24 do 48 sati nakon što se pojave lezije na sluznici. Uobičajeno se osip prvo javi na čelu, a onda se brzo širi na cijelo lice i udaljene dijelove ekstremiteta. Nakon ovoga bolest može krenuti različitim smjerovima, i s obzirom na to, bolest je podijeljena u 4 tipa prema Rao klasifikaciji: obične boginje, promijenjene, maligne (ravne) i hemoragične. Uobičajena stopa smrtnosti kod variole je oko 30%; ali maligne i hemoragične uglavnom imaju smrtni

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