Visual Analog Scale Case Study Sample

(OCT) were recorded. The patients received an explanation of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (Figure 1) prior to the injection and were asked immediately (within 2 minutes) after IVB injection to rate their perceived pain during the injection on a VAS of 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable/worst pain). The average of pain scores was considered as the primary outcome measure. BCVA and CMT measurement was repeated one month after injection.[37]
Preparation and administration of IVB was performed as recommended in the previous reported guidelines [21]. All intravitreal injections were performed in the supine position and under sterile conditions and all patients received the same anesthesia ( 2 drops of topical tetracaine HCl 0.5% (TetraVisc; Ocusoft) in the inferior cole du sac). The eye and the skin around it was was washed three times by 5% povidone–iodine solution and then dried with sterile gauze. A sterile plastic drape was then used to keep the eyelashes away from the ocular surface. A sterile speculum was used to make sure the eyelids remained open. Povidone–iodine (5%) was again applied to the conjunctiva over the injection site. The entry site of the needle was 3.5 mm from the limbus in
Considering diabetic and non-diabetic patients, there was no statistically significant difference in pain scores between two groups. Similarely, there was no statistically significant difference between pain scores of phakic and pseudophakic eyes. We found a negative correlation between pain scores and number of previous injection (p=0.05, R=-0.092). Mean BCVA increased by 3 lines (P 0.05) and mean CMT decreased by 35 microns (P 0.001) one month after injection. There was no case of endophthalmitis, retinal break, retinal detachment, lens damage, severe vision loss or other serious complications in this